Maltase

Maltase is an informal name for a family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of disaccharide maltose into two simple sugars of glucose. Maltases are found in plants, bacteria, yeast, humans, and other vertebrates.

Digestion of starch requires six intestinal enzymes. Two of these enzymes are luminal endo-glucosidases named alpha-amylases. The other four enzymes have been identified as different maltases, exo-glucosidases bound to the luminal surface of enterocytes. Two of these maltase activities were associated with sucrase-isomaltase (maltase Ib, maltase Ia). The other two maltases with no distinguishing characteristics were named maltase-glucoamylase (maltases II and III). The activities of these four maltases are also described as alpha-glucosidase because they all digest linear starch oligosaccharides to glucose.^[1]^[2]

^ Nichols BL, Baker SS, Quezada-Calvillo R (June 2018). "Metabolic Impacts of Maltase Deficiencies". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 66 Suppl 3 (3): S24–S29. doi:10.1097/MPG.0000000000001955. PMID 29762372. S2CID 46891498.
^ Quezada-Calvillo R, Robayo-Torres CC, Opekun AR, Sen P, Ao Z, Hamaker BR, et al. (July 2007). "Contribution of mucosal maltase-glucoamylase activities to mouse small intestinal starch alpha-glucogenesis". The Journal of Nutrition. 137 (7): 1725–33. doi:10.1093/jn/137.7.1725. PMID 17585022.

[Nichols_2018-1] Nichols BL, Baker SS, Quezada-Calvillo R (June 2018). "Metabolic Impacts of Maltase Deficiencies". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 66 Suppl 3 (3): S24–S29. doi:10.1097/MPG.0000000000001955. PMID 29762372. S2CID 46891498.

[Quezada-Calvillo_2007-2] Quezada-Calvillo R, Robayo-Torres CC, Opekun AR, Sen P, Ao Z, Hamaker BR, et al. (July 2007). "Contribution of mucosal maltase-glucoamylase activities to mouse small intestinal starch alpha-glucogenesis". The Journal of Nutrition. 137 (7): 1725–33. doi:10.1093/jn/137.7.1725. PMID 17585022.

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