Martin Spanberg

Martin Spanberg^[1] (d. 1761; Russian: Мартын Петрович Шпанберг, Martyn Petrovich Shpanberg) was a Danish naval officer in Russian service who took part with his compatriot Vitus Bering in both Kamchatka expeditions as second in command. He is best known for finding a sea route to Japan from Russian territory and for exploring the Kuril Islands. Shikotan, one of the Kurils, was renamed in his honor by the Russians in 1796.^{[citation needed]}

Spanberg led three voyages in 1738, 1739, and 1742. On the first of these voyages, Spanberg left 29 June 1738 aboard the Archangel Michael (Архангел Михаил, Arkhangel Mikhail)^[2] with his own assistants William Walton (Вильям or Вилим Вальтон, Vilim Valton) and Alexander Shelting (Алексей Елеазарович Шельтинг, Aleksey Yeleazarovich Shel'ting) commanding the Sv. or St. Gabriel (Святой Гавриил, Sviatoi Gavriil) and the Nadezhda (Надежда) respectively. He charted 30 of the Kurils. On the second voyage, he gained a fourth ship—the Bolsheretsk (Большерецк)—and was the first Russian commander to visit Honshu in Japan, establishing Russo-Japanese diplomatic relations.^[3] His ships landed in a scenic area now part of the Rikuchu Kaigan National Park but, despite isolationist Japanese sakoku policy of the time, the sailors were treated with courtesy.^[3] The second and third voyages also surveyed the coasts of Japan and Sakhalin as well as the Kurils.^[4]