Massacre of 1391 | |
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Part of Antisemitism in Europe | |
![]() Slaughter of Jews in Barcelona in 1391 (José Segrelles, c. 1910) | |
Location | Crown of Castile, Crown of Aragon |
Date | 1391 |
Target | Jews |
Attack type | Pogrom |
Motive | Antisemitism |
The Massacre of 1391, also known as the pogroms of 1391, refers to a murderous wave of mass violence committed against the Jews of Spain by the Catholic populace in the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon, both in present-day Spain, in the year 1391. It was one of the most lethal outbreaks of violence against Jews in medieval European history. Anti-Jewish violence similar to Russian pogroms continued until the "Reconquista" in 1492 and subsequent expulsion of the Jews from Spain.[1] The year 1391, however, marked a peak of such violence.[1]
After the massacres, Jews began to convert en masse to Roman Catholicism[2] across the Iberian Peninsula, resulting in a substantial population[3] of conversos known as Marranos. Catholics then began to accuse—with or without substantiation—the conversos of secretly maintaining Jewish practices[3], and thus undermining the newly united kingdom's national identity, ultimately leading to their expulsion by royal decree of the "Catholic Kings" Ferdinand and Isabella of Castile and León in 1492.[3]
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