Measures of gender equality

Measures of gender equality^[1] or inequality are statistical tools employed to quantify the concept of gender equality.^[2]^[3]

There are over three hundred different indicators used to measure gender equality, as well as a number of prominent indices.^[4] The most prominent indices of gender equality include UNDP's Gender-related Development Index (GDI) and the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM), introduced in 1995. More recent measures include the Gender Equity Index (GEI) introduced by Social Watch in 2004, the Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI) developed by the World Economic Forum in 2006, and the Social Institutions and Gender Index of OECD Development Centre (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) from 2007.^[4]^[5]

^ Murdock, Daniel. "Economic Measures of Gender Inequality". Study.com. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
^ "Using data to measure gender equality | UN DESA | United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs". United Nations. 4 November 2014. Archived from the original on 27 October 2018. Retrieved 2018-10-26.
^ Mæland, Eivor (10 December 2015). "How to measure gender equality?". Science Nordic. Archived from the original on 15 July 2019. Retrieved 2018-10-26.
^ ^a ^b Hawken, Angela; Munck, Gerardo L. (24 April 2012). "Cross-National Indices with Gender-Differentiated Data: What Do They Measure? How Valid Are They?". Social Indicators Research. 111 (3): 801–838. doi:10.1007/s11205-012-0035-7. S2CID 144274479.
^ Drechsler, Denis; Jütting, Johannes; Katseli, Louka T. (22 September 2008). "Social Institutions and Gender Equality: Introducing the OECD Gender Institutions and Development Data Base (GID-DB).". Statistics, Knowledge and Policy 2007 Measuring and Fostering the Progress of Societies: Measuring and Fostering the Progress of Societies. OECD Publishing. pp. 472–474. ISBN 978-92-64-04324-4.