Middlesbrough

Middlesbrough
Town
From the top left; Tops: the skyline and town hall Middles: Newport Bridge, Transporter Bridge and Dock Clock Tower Bottom: Riverside Stadium
Middlesbrough Location within North Yorkshire
Population
• Borough (2022)	148,285
• Built-up area (2021)	148,215[1]
OS grid reference	NZ495204
• London	217 mi (349 km) S
Unitary authority	Middlesbrough
Ceremonial county	North Yorkshire
Region	North East
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Areas of the town	List Acklam Ayresome Berwick Hills Brambles Farm Coulby Newham Easterside Grove Hill Hemlington Linthorpe Marton Middlehaven Ormesby (part) Nunthorpe (parished) Pallister Stainton (parished) Saltersgill Thornton (parished) Thorntree Tollesby Whinney Banks
Post town	MIDDLESBROUGH
Postcode district	TS1 – TS9
Dialling code	01642
Police	Cleveland
Fire	Cleveland
Ambulance	North East
UK Parliament	Middlesbrough and Thornaby East Middlesbrough South and East Cleveland
Website	middlesbrough.gov.uk
List of places UK England Yorkshire 54°34′36″N 1°14′08″W / 54.5767°N 1.2355°W / 54.5767; -1.2355

Middlesbrough (/ˈmɪdəlzbrə/ ^ⓘ MID-əlz-brə) is a town in North Yorkshire, England. The town's built-up area, an area spanning from the south bank of the River Tees, up to and including Coulby Newham and Nunthorpe, had a population of 148,215^[1] at the 2021 UK Census. The town's borough (of simular size) is governed by Middlesbrough Council. It is the postal town further south (including Stokesley and Great Ayton) to the North York Moors National Park.^[1] The largest town of Teesside and the larger the Tees Valley region, it is the direct regional centre for a population of 678,400 in 2021^[2] and de facto centre for northern Yorkshire and southern County Durham.

A hamlet surrounded by rural farmland, until the Stockton and Darlington Railway expanded in 1830 linking the area's existing economy, the settlement had booms in heavy industry during early 19th century and late 19th century. The town became too reliant on existing declining sectors in the 20th century with diversity of the economy slowly increasing during the late-20th to early-21st centuries. Some of the town's major economic sectors by age of the oldest to newest are a port, ship building, coal (former), ironworks, steel production (metalworks have moved eastwards to between Eston and Redcar), education (notably Teesside University and Middlesbrough College) and the health sector.

Part of Yorkshire since before the Domesday Book, the settlement became a town (with a municipal borough) in 1853. With Yorkshire divided into its ancient ridings in 1889, the North Riding of Yorkshire town was large enough to become a county borough, independent from the then new North Riding County Council. In 1968, the borough of Middlesbrough was merged into the larger County Borough of Teesside. Six years later (1974), a borough with the town's name was re-established within the new county of Cleveland. The new county was abolished in 1996 and since then the town's borough has had unitary authority status and been within North Yorkshire's ceremonial county. Councils of the four former Cleveland boroughs and for the borough of Darlington each have had a representative seat on the Tees Valley Combined Authority cabinet, since 2016. The combined authority has had a directly-elected mayor since 2017.^[3]