RNA COVID-19 vaccine
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Moderna COVID-19 vaccine Vials of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine
Target SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine type mRNA Trade names Spikevax[ 1] [ 2] Other names mRNA-1273, CX-024414, COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Moderna, TAK-919, Moderna COVID‑19 Vaccine, COVID‑19 Vaccine Moderna, COVID-19 Vaccine Moderna Intramuscular Injection,[ 3] elasomeran,[ 4] [ 5] COVID-19 Vaccine (mRNA),[ 6] davesomeran,[ 4] imelasomeran,[ 4] andusomeran,[ 4] CX-034476, CX-038839 AHFS /Drugs.com Monograph MedlinePlus a621002 License data
Pregnancy category Routes of administration Intramuscular ATC code Legal status
CAS Number PubChem SID DrugBank UNII KEGG ChEMBL
The Moderna COVID‑19 vaccine , sold under the brand name Spikevax , is a COVID-19 vaccine developed by the American company Moderna , the United States National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), and the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA). Depending on the jurisdiction, it is authorized for use in humans aged six months,[ 48] twelve years, or eighteen years and older. It provides protection against COVID-19 , which is caused by infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.[ 42] [ 2] [ 22] [ 14]
It is designed to be administered in two or three 0.5-mL doses given by intramuscular injection , primarily into the deltoid muscle, at an interval of at least 28 days apart.[ 33] [ 49] [ 50] [ 51] The World Health Organization advises an eight-week interval between doses to optimize efficacy. Additional booster doses are approved in some regions to maintain immunity. Clinical trials and real-world data have demonstrated the vaccine's high efficacy, with significant effectiveness observed two weeks post-administration of the second dose, offering 94% protection against Covid and robust defense against severe cases. The vaccine's efficacy spans various demographics, including age, sex, and those with high-risk medical conditions.
It is an mRNA vaccine composed of nucleoside-modified mRNA (modRNA) encoding a spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, which is encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles .[ 52] In August and September 2022, bivalent versions of the vaccine (Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine, Bivalent) containing elasomeran/elasomeran 0-omicron (Spikevax Bivalent Zero/Omicron)[ 53] were authorized for use as booster doses in individuals aged 18 or older in the United Kingdom,[ 54] [ 55] Switzerland,[ 56] Australia,[ 57] Canada,[ 58] [ 59] the European Union,[ 2] and the United States.[ 60] [ 61] [ 62] [ 63] [ 64] [ 65] The second component of the version of the bivalent vaccine used in the United States[ 66] is based on the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 variant,[ 60] while the second component of the bivalent vaccine version used in other countries is based on the Omicron BA.1 variant .[ 2] [ 53] [ 55] [ 54] [ 59] The vaccine's effectiveness against variants has been extensively studied, indicating varying degrees of protection. For instance, during the prevalence of the Delta variant, effectiveness against infection slightly decreased over time. The vaccine's longevity and continuous protection are under study, with ongoing research focusing on its duration of effectiveness, which remains partially undetermined as of the latest updates.
The safety profile of the vaccine is favorable, with common side effects including injection site pain, fatigue, and headaches. Severe reactions like anaphylaxis are exceedingly rare. Concerns regarding myocarditis , have been identified but are typically mild and manageable. The vaccine's formulation utilizes mRNA technology, encapsulated within lipid nanoparticles to ensure cellular uptake and immune system response.
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^ a b Cite error: The named reference TGA provisional approval 2
was invoked but never defined (see the help page ).
^ "AusPAR: Elasomeran" . Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) . 23 February 2022. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2022 .
^ "AusPAR: Elasomeran (mRNA-1273)" . Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) . 9 December 2021. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 24 March 2022 .
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was invoked but never defined (see the help page ).
^ "Spikevax bivalent Original/Omicron BA.4-5" . Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) . 23 February 2023. Retrieved 8 April 2023 .
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^ a b "Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine Standing Orders for Administering Vaccine to Persons 18 Years of Age and Older" (PDF) . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 11 July 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2022 . This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
^ "Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine Standing Orders for Administering Vaccine to Persons 12 Years Through 17 Years of Age" (PDF) . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 11 July 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 July 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022 . This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
^ "Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine Standing Orders for Administering Vaccine to Persons 6 Years through 11 Years of Age" (PDF) . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 11 July 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 July 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022 . This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
^ "Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine Standing Orders for Administering Vaccine to Persons 6 Months Through 5 Years of Age" (PDF) . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 11 July 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 July 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022 . This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
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^ Cite error: The named reference EUA fact sheet
was invoked but never defined (see the help page ).
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^ Cite error: The named reference EU approval
was invoked but never defined (see the help page ).
^ Cite error: The named reference Spikevax EC Union Register
was invoked but never defined (see the help page ).
^ Cite error: The named reference EMA PR 20220916
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^ "Spikevax Product information" . Union Register of medicinal products . Retrieved 3 March 2023 .
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