Montenegro Crna Gora, Црна Гора (Montenegrin) | |
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Anthem: Oj, svijetla majska zoro (English: "Oh, Bright Dawn of May") | |
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Capital and largest city | Podgorica[1] 42°47′N 19°28′E / 42.783°N 19.467°E |
Official languages | Montenegrin[2] |
Languages in official use[3] | |
Ethnic groups (2011)[4] |
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Religion (2011)[4] |
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Demonym(s) | Montenegrin |
Government | Unitary parliamentary republic |
Jakov Milatović | |
Milojko Spajić | |
Andrija Mandić | |
Legislature | Parliament |
Establishment history | |
• Duklja | 10th century |
• Zeta | 1356 |
1516 | |
13 March 1852 | |
13 July 1878 | |
28 August 1910 | |
26 November 1918 | |
29 November 1945 | |
27 April 1992 | |
21 May 2006 | |
Area | |
• Total | 13,812 km2 (5,333 sq mi) (156th) |
• Water (%) | 2.6 |
Population | |
• 2023 census | ![]() |
• Density | 43.6/km2 (112.9/sq mi) (177th) |
GDP (PPP) | 2023 estimate |
• Total | ![]() |
• Per capita | ![]() |
GDP (nominal) | 2023 estimate |
• Total | ![]() |
• Per capita | ![]() |
Gini (2020) | ![]() medium inequality |
HDI (2022) | ![]() very high (50th) |
Currency | Euro (€)a (EUR) |
Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
Calling code | +382 |
ISO 3166 code | ME |
Internet TLD | .me |
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Montenegro is a country in Southeastern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula.[9] Its 25 municipalities have a total population of 633,158 people in an area of 13,812 km² (5,333 sq mi). It is bordered by Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast, Kosovo to the east, Albania to the southeast, Croatia to the west, and has a coastline along the Adriatic Sea to the southwest.[10] The capital and largest city is Podgorica, while Cetinje is the Old Royal Capital and cultural centre.
Before the arrival of the Slav peoples in the Balkans in the 6th and 7th centuries CE, the area now known as Montenegro was inhabited principally by people known as Illyrians. During the Early Medieval period, three principalities were located on the territory of modern-day Montenegro: Duklja, roughly corresponding to the southern half; Travunia, the west; and Rascia proper, the north.[11][12][13] The Principality of Zeta emerged in the 14th and 15th centuries. From the late 14th century to the late 18th century, large parts of southern Montenegro were ruled by the Venetian Republic and incorporated into Venetian Albania.[14] The name Montenegro was first used to refer to the country in the late 15th century. After falling under Ottoman Empire rule, Montenegro gained semi-autonomy in 1696 under the rule of the House of Petrović-Njegoš, first as a theocracy and later as a secular principality. Montenegro's independence was recognised by the Great Powers at the Congress of Berlin in 1878. In 1910, the country became a kingdom. After World War I, the kingdom became part of Yugoslavia. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, the republics of Serbia and Montenegro together proclaimed a federation. In June 2006 Montenegro declared its independence from Serbia and Montenegro following an independence referendum, creating Montenegro and Serbia as they exist today.[15] Montenegro is therefore one of the newest internationally-recognised countries in the world.[16]
Montenegro has an upper-middle-income economy,[17] and ranks 49th in the Human Development Index.[18] It is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the World Trade Organization, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Council of Europe, and the Central European Free Trade Agreement.[19] Montenegro is also a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean,[20] and has been in the process of joining the European Union since 2012.[21]
The official language in Montenegro shall be Montenegrin. Cyrillic and Latin alphabet shall be equal.
Serbian, Bosnian, Albanian and Croatian shall also be in the official use.
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