Montreal campaign

Montreal campaign
Part of the French and Indian War
Surrender of the French Army in Montreal in 1760
Date July 2 – September 8 1760 Location Saint Lawrence and Richelieu Rivers, Montreal, 45°30′32″N 73°33′42″W / 45.50889°N 73.56167°W / 45.50889; -73.56167 Result British victory Surrender of Montreal Conquest of New France
Belligerents
Great Britain America Indian Allies	France Canada Indian Allies
Commanders and leaders
Jeffery Amherst James Murray William Haviland Robert Rogers	François de Lévis   Marquis de Vaudreuil
Strength
11,000 regulars, 6,500 provincials, 700 Iroquois[1]	3,200 regulars and Marines,[2] Unknown militia, unknown natives[Note A]
Casualties and losses
Light	2,200 surrendered,[3] 1,000 sick or missing.[4] Militia and natives pacified[5][6]

The Montreal campaign, also known as the fall of Montreal, was a British three-pronged offensive against Montreal which took place from July 2 to 8 September 1760 during the French and Indian War as part of the global Seven Years' War. The campaign, pitted against an outnumbered and outsupplied French army, led to the capitulation and occupation of Montreal, the largest remaining city in French Canada.

Under the overall direction of Jeffery Amherst, British forces numbering around 18,000 men converged on Montreal starting in July from three separate directions. One under Amherst moved in from Lake Ontario, the other under James Murray moved from Québec and the third under William Haviland moved from Fort Crown Point. After capturing French positions and outposts along the way all three forces met up and surrounded Montreal. Many Canadiens deserted or surrendered their arms to British forces while the native allies of the French began to negotiate peace treaties and alliances with the British.

The French military commander in the region, François Gaston de Lévis, was resolved to make a last stand in the city despite the overwhelming numerical inferiority of his troops. He was however overruled by Pierre de Rigaud, the civilian Governor of French Canada who persuaded him to surrender. Lévis attempted to negotiate a surrender with the honours of war, but the British rejected such terms and the French authorities eventually agreed to an unconditional surrender on 8 September. This effectively completed the British capture of New France.^[7]