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Munich[a] is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria, Germany. As of 30 November 2024, its population was 1,604,384,[3] making it the third-largest city in Germany after Berlin and Hamburg. Munich is also the largest city in Germany that is not a state of its own. It ranks as the 11th-largest city in the European Union. The metropolitan area has around 3 million inhabitants, and the broader Munich Metropolitan Region is home to about 6.2 million people.[4] It is one of the largest metropolitan regions in the EU by GDP.
Munich is located on the river Isar north of the Alps. It is the seat of the Upper Bavarian administrative region. With 4,500 people per km2, Munich is Germany's most densely populated municipality. It is also the second-largest city in the Bavarian dialect area after Vienna.
The first record of Munich dates to 1158. The city has played an important role in Bavarian and German history. During the Reformation, it remained a Catholic stronghold. Munich became the capital of the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1806 and developed as a centre for arts, architecture, culture, and science. The House of Wittelsbach ruled until 1918, when the German revolution of 1918–1919 ended their reign and saw the short-lived Bavarian Soviet Republic. In the 1920s, Munich became a centre of political movements, including the rise of the Nazi Party. The city was known as the "Capital of the Movement." During World War II, Munich was heavily bombed, but much of its historic architecture has since been restored.[5][6] After the war, the city's population and economy grew rapidly. Munich hosted the 1972 Summer Olympics.
Munich is a major centre for science, technology, finance, innovation, business, and tourism. It has a high standard of living, ranking first in Germany and third worldwide in the 2018 Mercer survey.[7] It was named the world's most liveable city by Monocle's Quality of Life Survey 2018.[8] Munich is among the most expensive German cities for real estate and rents.[9][10] In 2023, 30.1 percent of residents were foreigners, and 19.4 percent were German citizens with a migration background from abroad.[11]
Munich's economy is based on high tech, automobiles, the service sector, information technology, biotechnology, engineering, and electronics. Multinational companies such as BMW, Siemens, Allianz SE, and Munich Re are headquartered there. The city has two research universities and many scientific institutions.[12] Munich is known for its architecture, cultural venues, sports events, exhibitions, and the annual Oktoberfest, the world's largest Volksfest.[13]
- ^ "Daten und Fakten aus der Metropolregion München" [Data and facts about the Munich Metropolitan Region]. Europäische Metropolregion München e.V. Archived from the original on 20 June 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
- ^ Genesis Online-Datenbank des Bayerischen Landesamtes für Statistik Tabelle 12411-003r Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes: Gemeinden, Stichtag (Einwohnerzahlen auf Grundlage des Zensus 2011).
- ^ Stadtverwaltung, Landeshauptstadt München. "Bevölkerung". stadt.muenchen.de (in German). Archived from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
- ^ "The Munich Metropolitan Region" (in German). Europäische Metropolregion München e.V. Archived from the original on 31 May 2017. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
- ^ Englund, Peter (1993). Ofredsår. Stockholm: Atlantis.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 March 2024. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Quality of Living City Rankings". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ "Munich Named The Most Livable City In The World". Forbes. 25 June 2018. Archived from the original on 3 July 2018. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
- ^ Wille, Robin (15 July 2021). "Immobilien: Das sind die 10 teuersten Städte in Deutschland". Business Insider (in German). Archived from the original on 16 April 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
- ^ "Die 10 teuersten Städte Deutschlands 2020". www.haus.de (in German). Archived from the original on 18 April 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
- ^ "Bevölkerung am 31.12.2023 nach Migrationshintergrund in den Stadtbezirken" [Population on 31.12.2023 by migration background in the city districts] (PDF). Statistisches Amt München. 31 December 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ Boytchev, Hristio (2018). "A European heavyweight". Nature. 563 (7729): S14 – S15. Bibcode:2018Natur.563S..14B. doi:10.1038/d41586-018-07208-0. PMID 30382228. S2CID 256769767.
- ^ "Munich Travel Tourism Munich". muenchen.de. Archived from the original on 14 February 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
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