Mutation breeding

Mutation breeding, sometimes referred to as "variation breeding", is the process of exposing seeds to chemicals, radiation, or enzymes^[1][2] in order to generate mutants with desirable traits to be bred with other cultivars. Plants created using mutagenesis are sometimes called mutagenic plants or mutagenic seeds.

From 1930 to 2014 more than 3200 mutagenic plant varieties were released^[3][4] that have been derived either as direct mutants (70%) or from their progeny (30%).^[5] Crop plants account for 75% of released mutagenic species with the remaining 25% ornamentals or decorative plants.^[6] However, although the FAO/IAEA reported in 2014 that over 1,000 mutant varieties of major staple crops were being grown worldwide,^[3] it is unclear how many of these varieties are currently used in agriculture or horticulture around the world, as these seeds are not always identified or labeled as having a mutagenic provenance.^[7]