Developer(s) | Microsoft |
---|---|
Full name | NT File System[2] |
Introduced | July 27, 1993Windows NT 3.1 | with
Partition IDs | 0x07 (MBR) EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7 (GPT) |
Structures | |
Directory contents | B-tree variant[3][4] |
File allocation | Bitmap |
Bad blocks | $BadClus (MFT Record) |
Limits | |
Max volume size | 264 clusters − 1 cluster (format); 256 TB[a] − 64 KB[a] (Windows 10 version 1703, Windows Server 2016 or earlier implementation)[5] 8 PB[a] − 2 MB[a] (Windows 10 version 1709, Windows Server 2019 or later implementation)[6] |
Max file size | 16 EB[a] − 1 KB (format); 16 TB − 64 KB (Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2 or earlier implementation)[5] 256 TB − 64 KB (Windows 8, Windows Server 2012 or later implementation)[7] 8 PB − 2 MB (Windows 10 version 1709, Windows Server 2019 or later implementation)[6] |
Max no. of files | 4,294,967,295 (232−1)[5] |
Max filename length | 255 UTF-16 code units[8] |
Allowed filename characters | |
Features | |
Dates recorded | Creation, modification, POSIX change, access |
Date range | 1 January 1601 – 14 Sept 30828 (File times are 64-bit positive signed numbers[9] counting 100-nanosecond intervals (ten million per second) since 1601, which is more than 32,000 years) |
Date resolution | 100 ns |
Forks | Yes (see § Alternate data stream (ADS) below) |
Attributes | Read-only, hidden, system, archive, not content indexed, off-line, temporary, compressed, encrypted |
File system permissions | ACLs |
Transparent compression | Per-file, LZ77 (Windows NT 3.51 onward) |
Transparent encryption | Per-file, DESX (Windows 2000 onward), Triple DES (Windows XP onward), AES (Windows XP Service Pack 1, Windows Server 2003 onward) |
Data deduplication | Yes (Windows Server 2012)[10] |
Other | |
Supported operating systems | Windows NT 3.1 and later Mac OS X 10.3 and later (read-only) Linux kernel version 2.6 and later Linux kernel versions 2.2-2.4 (read-only) FreeBSD NetBSD OpenBSD (read-only) ChromeOS Solaris ReactOS (read-only) |
NT File System (NTFS) (commonly called New Technology File System) is a proprietary journaling file system developed by Microsoft in the 1990s.[11][12][2]
It was developed to overcome scalability, security and other limitations with FAT.[13] NTFS adds several features that FAT and HPFS lack including: access control lists (ACLs); filesystem encryption; transparent compression; sparse files; file system journaling and volume shadow copy, a feature that allows backups of a system while in use.
Starting with Windows NT 3.1, it is the default file system of the Windows NT family superseding the File Allocation Table (FAT) file system.[14] NTFS read/write support is available on Linux and BSD using NTFS3 in Linux and NTFS-3G in BSD.[15][16]
NTFS uses several files hidden from the user to store metadata about other files stored on the drive which can help improve speed and performance when reading data.[1]
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