Back الحلول المعتمدة على الطبيعة Arabic Datrysiadau sy'n seiliedig ar natur Welsh Naturbasierte Lösungen German Soluciones basadas en la naturaleza Spanish Looduspõhised lahendused Estonian Luontopohjaiset ratkaisut Finnish Solutions fondées sur la nature French Nature-based solutions Italian 自然に基づく解決策 Japanese 자연 기반 솔루션 Korean

Nature-based solutions

Example for a nature-based solution in the area of water resource management: this riparian buffer protects a creek in Iowa, United States from the impact of adjacent land uses

Nature-based solutions (or nature-based systems, and abbreviated as NBS or NbS) is the sustainable management and use of natural processes to tackle socio-environmental issues.[1] These issues include for example climate change mitigation and adaptation, water security, and disaster risk reduction. The aim is that resilient ecosystems (whether natural, managed, or newly created) provide solutions for the benefit of both societies and biodiversity.[2] The 2019 UN Climate Action Summit highlighted nature-based solutions as an effective method to combat climate change.[3] For example, nature-based systems for climate change adaptation can include natural flood management, restoring natural coastal defences, and providing local cooling.[4]: 310 

The concept of NBS is closely related to the concept of ecological engineering[5] and ecosystem-based adaptation.[4]: 284 

Restoring mangroves along coastlines uses nature-based solutions to achieve several goals. Mangroves moderate the impact of waves and wind on coastal settlements or cities,[6] and they sequester carbon.[7] They also provide nursery zones for marine life which is important for sustaining fisheries. Additionally, mangrove forests can help to control coastal erosion resulting from sea level rise.

Green roofs or walls (as part of green infrastructure) are also nature-based solutions that can be implemented in urban areas. They can reduce the effects of urban heat islands, capture stormwater, abate pollution, and act as carbon sinks. At the same time, they can enhance local biodiversity.

Nature-based systems are more and more often forming a part of national and international policies on climate change. They are included in climate change policy, infrastructure investment, and climate finance mechanisms. The European Commission has been giving increasing attention to NBS since 2013.[8] Yet, nature-based systems encounter numerous challenges during implementation.[9][10]

The IPCC pointed out that the term is "the subject of ongoing debate, with concerns that it may lead to the misunderstanding that NbS on its own can provide a global solution to climate change".[11]: 24  To clarify this point further, the IPCC also stated that "nature-based systems cannot be regarded as an alternative to, or a reason to delay, deep cuts in GHG emissions".[4]: 203 

  1. ^ Girardin, Cécile A. J.; Jenkins, Stuart; Seddon, Nathalie; Allen, Myles; Lewis, Simon L.; Wheeler, Charlotte E.; Griscom, Bronson W.; Malhi, Yadvinder (2021). "Nature-based solutions can help cool the planet — if we act now". Nature. 593 (7858): 191–194. Bibcode:2021Natur.593..191G. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-01241-2. PMID 33981055.
  2. ^ Eggermont, Hilde; Balian, Estelle; Azevedo, José Manuel N.; Beumer, Victor; Brodin, Tomas; Claudet, Joachim; Fady, Bruno; Grube, Martin; Keune, Hans (2015). "Nature-based Solutions: New Influence for Environmental Management and Research in Europe" (PDF). Gaia - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society. 24 (4): 243–248. doi:10.14512/gaia.24.4.9. S2CID 53518417. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 May 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  3. ^ Environment, U. N. (2019). "Nature-Based Solutions for Climate". UNEP - UN Environment Programme. Retrieved 2024-01-11.
  4. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference :13 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Marois, Darryl E.; Mitsch, William J. (2 January 2015). "Coastal protection from tsunamis and cyclones provided by mangrove wetlands – a review". International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management. 11 (1): 71–83. Bibcode:2015IJBSE..11...71M. doi:10.1080/21513732.2014.997292. ISSN 2151-3732. S2CID 86554474. Archived from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  7. ^ Inoue, Tomomi (2019), "Carbon Sequestration in Mangroves", Blue Carbon in Shallow Coastal Ecosystems, Singapore: Springer Singapore, pp. 73–99, doi:10.1007/978-981-13-1295-3_3, ISBN 978-981-13-1294-6, S2CID 133839393, archived from the original on 23 November 2021, retrieved 5 September 2021
  8. ^ Faivre, Nicolas; Fritz, Marco; Freitas, Tiago; de Boissezon, Birgit; Vandewoestijne, Sofie (2017). "Nature-Based Solutions in the EU: Innovating with nature to address social, economic and environmental challenges". Environmental Research. 159: 509–518. Bibcode:2017ER....159..509F. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.032. ISSN 0013-9351. PMID 28886502. S2CID 42573101. Archived from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  9. ^ Wamsler, C.; Wickenberg, B.; Hanson, H.; Alkan Olsson, J.; Stålhammar, S.; Björn, H.; Falck, H.; Gerell, D.; Oskarsson, T.; Simonsson, E.; Torffvit, F. (2020). "Environmental and climate policy integration: Targeted strategies for overcoming barriers to nature-based solutions and climate change adaptation". Journal of Cleaner Production. 247: 119154. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119154. ISSN 0959-6526.
  10. ^ Chausson, Alexandre; Turner, Beth; Seddon, Dan; Chabaneix, Nicole; Girardin, Cécile A. J.; Kapos, Valerie; Key, Isabel; Roe, Dilys; Smith, Alison; Woroniecki, Stephen; Seddon, Nathalie (2020-09-09). "Mapping the effectiveness of nature-based solutions for climate change adaptation". Global Change Biology. 26 (11): 6134–6155. Bibcode:2020GCBio..26.6134C. doi:10.1111/gcb.15310. ISSN 1354-1013. PMID 32906226. S2CID 221621517.
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference :12 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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