New Economic Policy

The New Economic Policy (NEP) (‹The template Lang-rus is being considered for deletion.› Russian: новая экономическая политика (НЭП), romanized: novaya ekonomicheskaya politika) was an economic policy of the Soviet Union proposed by Vladimir Lenin in 1921 as a temporary expedient. Lenin characterized the NEP in 1922 as an economic system that would include "a free market and capitalism, both subject to state control", while socialized state enterprises would operate on "a profit basis".^[1] Nouveau riche people who took an advantage of NEP were called NEPmen (нэпманы).

The NEP represented a more market-oriented economic policy (deemed necessary after the Russian Civil War of 1918 to 1922) to foster the economy of the country, which had suffered severely since 1915. The Soviet authorities partially revoked the complete nationalization of industry (established during the period of war communism of 1918 to 1921) and introduced a mixed economy which allowed private individuals to own small and medium-sized enterprises,^[2] while the state continued to control large industries, banks and foreign trade.^[3] The Bolshevik government adopted the NEP in the course of the 10th Congress of the All-Russian Communist Party (March 1921). The decree on 21 March 1921: "On the Replacement of Prodrazvyorstka by Prodnalog" abolished forced grain-requisition (prodrazvyorstka) and introduced a tax on farmers, payable in the form of raw agricultural product (prodnalog).^[4]. Further decrees refined the policy. Other policies included monetary reform (1922–1924) and the attraction of foreign capital.

NEP was de facto abandoned in 1928 with Joseph Stalin's "Great Break" and gradually phased out during 1928–1931.

^ Lenin, V.I. "The Role and Functions of the Trade Unions under the New Economic Policy", LCW, 33, p. 184., Decision of the C.C., R.C.P.(B.), 12 January 1922. Published in Pravda No. 12, 17 January 1922; Lenin's Collected Works, 2nd English Edition, Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1973, first printed 1965, Volume 33, pp. 186–196.
^ Kenez, Peter (2006). A History of the Soviet Union from the Beginning to the End. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 47–48.
^ Ellis, Elisabeth Gaynor; Anthony Esler (2007). "Revolution and Civil War in Russia". World History; The Modern Era. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 483. ISBN 978-0-13-129973-3.
^ Service, Robert (1997). A History of Twentieth-Century Russia. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 124–125. ISBN 0674403487.

[1] Lenin, V.I. "The Role and Functions of the Trade Unions under the New Economic Policy", LCW, 33, p. 184., Decision of the C.C., R.C.P.(B.), 12 January 1922. Published in Pravda No. 12, 17 January 1922; Lenin's Collected Works, 2nd English Edition, Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1973, first printed 1965, Volume 33, pp. 186–196.

[Kenez_2006_47–48-2] Kenez, Peter (2006). A History of the Soviet Union from the Beginning to the End. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 47–48.

[3] Ellis, Elisabeth Gaynor; Anthony Esler (2007). "Revolution and Civil War in Russia". World History; The Modern Era. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 483. ISBN 978-0-13-129973-3.

[Service-4] Service, Robert (1997). A History of Twentieth-Century Russia. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 124–125. ISBN 0674403487.

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