Back نظام الملك Arabic نظام الملك ARZ Nizamülmülk Azerbaijani Низам ал-Мулк Bulgarian নিযামুল মুলক Bengali/Bangla Nidham-al-Mulk Catalan Hasan Nizámulmulk Czech Nizām al-Mulk German Nizam el-Mulk DIQ Νιζάμ αλ-Μουλκ Greek
Nizam al-Mulk | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Vizier of the Seljuk Empire | |
| In office 29 November 1064 – 14 October 1092 | |
| Monarch | Alp Arslan, Malik Shah I |
| Preceded by | Al-Kunduri |
| Succeeded by | Taj al-Mulk Abu'l Ghana'im |
| Personal details | |
| Born | April 10, 1018 Tus, Ghaznavid Empire |
| Died | October 14, 1092 (aged 74) Nahavand, Seljuk Empire |
| Spouse | Unnamed Bagrationi princess[1][2] |
| Children | Ahmad ibn Nizam al-Mulk Shams al-Mulk Uthman Abulfath Fakhr al-Malik Mu'ayyid al-Mulk Jamal al-Mulk Fakhr al-Mulk Izz al-Mulk Imad al-Mulk Abu'l-Kasim Safiyya |
Abu Ali Hasan ibn Ali Tusi (April 10, 1018 – October 14, 1092), better known by his honorific title of Nizam ul-Mulk (Persian: نظامالملک, lit. 'Order of the Realm'[3]) was a Persian[4][5] scholar, jurist, political philosopher and Vizier of the Seljuk Empire. Rising from a low position within the empire,[6] he became the de facto ruler of the empire for 20 years after the assassination of Sultan Alp Arslan in 1072,[7] serving as the archetypal "good vizier".[6] Viewed by many historians as "the most important statesman in Islamic history", the policies implemented by Nizam ul-Mulk would go on to remain as the basic foundation for administrative state structures in the Muslim world up until the 20th century.[8]
One of his most important legacies was the founding of the madrasa system in cities across the Seljuk Empire which were called the Nizamiyyas after him.[9] This was seen to be as the first government sponsored education system in history and as the inspiration behind the university system in Western Europe.[10] He also wrote the Book of Government, a political treatise that uses historical examples to discuss justice, effective rule, and the role of government in Islamic society,[11] which would go on to inspire the works of Ibn Khaldun and became the prototype for Machiavellian thought throughout Europe.[12]
- ^ Bosworth 1984, pp. 642–643.
- ^ Bosworth 1968, p. 62-65.
- ^ Foltz, Richard (2015). Iran in World History (New Oxford World History). Oxford University Press. p. 64. ISBN 978-0199335497.
In Iran, the Seljuks established their capital at Esfahan, where they built important monuments such as the congregational mosque which remains functional today. Their prime minister, Hasan of Tus (known as Nezam ol-Molk, or Orderer of the Realm), set up a system of seminaries, called nezamiyyas, and also reformed the army and the tax system
- ^ Gustave E. Von Grunebaum, Katherine Watson, Classical Islam: A History, 600 A.D. to 1258 A.D., Translated by Katherine Watson Published by Aldine Transaction, 2005. page 155
- ^ Holt, P. M.; Ann K. S. Lambton; Bernard Lewis (1977). The Cambridge History of Islam Volume 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 150.
- ^ a b Yavari 2015.
- ^ Bowen & Bosworth 1995, p. 70.
- ^ Black, Anthony (14 November 2011). "Islamic and Western political thought: does History have any Lessons?". Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. 14 (3): 5–12. doi:10.5782/2223-2621.2011.14.3.5. hdl:20.500.12323/1366. ISSN 2223-2621.
- ^ Nizam al-Mulk (2002). Darke, Hubert (ed.). The Book of Government or Rules for Kings. New York: Persian Heritage Foundation. pp. ix–x. ISBN 9781136602962.
- ^ Makdisi, George (1 January 1984). The Rise of Colleges. doi:10.1515/9781474470643. ISBN 9781474470643. S2CID 158637840.
- ^ Josef W. Meri (31 October 2005). Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 856. ISBN 978-1-135-45596-5.
- ^ Parry, Geraint; Day, John; Day, John; Plamenatz, J.; Dowse, Robert E.; Dowse, Robert E.; Warrender, Howard; Bealey, Frank; Pelling, Henry; Pelling, Henry; Grove, J. W. (October 1960). "Book Reviews: The Book of Government or Rules for Kings, Locke and Liberty, The Pursuit of Happiness in the Democratic Creed, The Political Reason of Edmund Burke, Socialism and Saint-Simon, 1859, Entering an Age of Crisis, Harriet Martineau, A Radical Victorian, Henry Sidgwick and Later Utilitarian Political Philosophy, Nationalism, Chartist Studies, The Life and Times of Ernest Bevin, Trade Unions and the Labour Party since 1945, The Ministry of Labour and National Service, Financial Administration in Local Government, Social Mobility in Industrial Society, Elections Abroad, Parliamentary Supervision of Delegated Legislation, Public Ownership and Accountability: The Canadian Experience, Public Enterprise in Sweden, The Congressional Party, A Case Study, The Communist Party of Poland. An Outline of History, The Communist Subversion of Czechoslovakia, 1938–1948. The Failure of Coexistence, Rise and Development of a Totalitarian State, Overcentralization in Economic Administration: A Critical Analysis Based on Experience in Hungarian Light Industry, Government, Law and Courts in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, The Soviet Bureaucratic Elite: A Case Study of the Ukrainian Apparatus, Five Elections in Africa, East African Chiefs, A West African Trade Union: A Case Study of the Cameroons Development Corporation Workers' Union and its Relations with the Employers, Middle Eastern Capitalism, Nine Essays, Turkey's Politics. The Transition to a Multiparty System, Turkey's Politics. The Transition to a Multiparty System, The Commonwealth Economy in Southeast Asia, Communism in South-East Asia: A Political Analysis, The Economic Development of Communist China 1949–1958, Nationalism and the Right Wing in Japan—A Study of Post-War Trends, The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume XII, the Era of Violence, 1898–1945, Germany Rejoins the Powers, Franklin D. Roosevelt's World Order, Power of Small States, The Commonwealth and Regional Defence, Documents on American Foreign Relations 1958". Political Studies. 8 (3): 306–335. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9248.1960.tb01148.x. ISSN 0032-3217.
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