Back Nordisches Modell für Prostitution German Planteamiento del modelo nórdico de la prostitución Spanish 성매매 노르딕 모델 Korean Шведская модель борьбы с проституцией Russian Qasja e modelit nordik ndaj prostitucionit Albanian Svenska modellen kring prostitution Swedish Шведська модель протидії проституції Ukrainian
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| Also known as | End demand Equality model Neo-abolitionism Partial decriminalization Sex buyer law Swedish model |
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| Adopted by | Sweden (1999) Norway (2009) Iceland (2009) Canada (2014) Northern Ireland (2015) France (2016) Ireland (2017) Israel (2018) Maine (2023) |
The Nordic Model approach to sex work,[1] also known as the end demand,[2] equality model,[3] neo-abolitionism,[4] Nordic and Swedish model,[5] is an approach to prostitution that criminalises clients, third parties and many of the ways the sex trade operates.[6] This approach to criminalising sex trafficking was developed in Sweden in 1999 on the debated radical feminist position that all sex work is exploitative and no person can willingly consent to sexual exploitation.[7] The main objective of the model is to abolish the sex industry and the suffering it causes by punishing the purchase of sexual services and providing resources for the survivors of prostitution.[8][9] The model has been criticised for making working in the sex industry more difficult.[10]
The model was first instituted in Sweden in 1999 and then into effect in Norway in 2009 as part of the Sex Buyer Law.[11] As of 2023, eight countries and one US state have adopted the model in full or in part.
Organizations for the rights of sex workers, such as the Global Network of Sex Work Projects, as well as global human rights organizations like Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International, do not support the Nordic model, and have called for the decriminalization of sex work.[12][13]
- ^ Kingston, Sarah; Thomas, Terry (1 May 2019). "No Model in Practice: A 'Nordic Model' to Respond to Prostitution?". Crime, Law and Social Change. 71 (4). Berlin, Germany: Springer: 423–439. doi:10.1007/s10611-018-9795-6. ISSN 1573-0751.
- ^ Kohn, Sebastian (2 June 2017). "The False Promise of 'End Demand' Laws". Open Society Foundations. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
- ^ "Equality Model or Nordic Model of Prostitution Explained". Decriminalize Sex Work. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
- ^ The Nordic Model in Europe: Prostitution, Trafficking and Neo-Abolitionism (PDF). European Law and Gender (PhD). University of Pisa. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
- ^ "Everything You Ever Wanted to Know about the Swedish Model (aka the Nordic Model)". SWARM Collective. SWARM. 8 December 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
- ^ Vuolajärvi, N 2022, Criminalising the Sex Buyer: Experiences from the Nordic Region, Centre for Women, Peace & Security, London School of Economic and Political Science, London.
- ^ Jordan, A 2012, The Swedish Law to Criminalise Clients: A Failed Experiment in Social Engineering, Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, University of Washington, Washington.
- ^ "What is the Nordic Model?". Nordic Model Now!. 27 March 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
- ^ Mullin, Emily (20 January 2020). "How Different Legislative Approaches Impact Sex-Workers". The Organization for World Peace. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
- ^ Vanwesenbeeck, I (2017). "Sex Work Criminalisation is Barking Up the Wrong Tree". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 46 (6): 1631–1640. doi:10.1007/s10508-017-1008-3. PMC 5529480. PMID 28585156.
- ^ Amnesty International (22 May 2016), The human cost of 'crushing' the market: Criminalization of sex work in Norway, London: Author, EUR 36/4034/2016, retrieved 21 January 2024
- ^ "Human Rights Watch Affirm Support for Decriminalization". Global Network of Sex Work Projects. July 2014. Archived from the original on 24 April 2021.
- ^ "Amnesty International publishes policy and research on protection of sex workers' rights". Amnesty International. 26 May 2016.
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