Northeast Counter-Japanese United Army

The Northeast Counter-Japanese United Army
Soldiers of the Northeast Counter-Japanese United Army
Active1936–1945
Country Manchukuo
China
Allegiance Chinese Communist Party (nominally)
Communist International
TypeArmy Light Infantry
RoleGuerrilla Warfare
EngagementsSecond Sino-Japanese War, Soviet invasion of Manchuria
Commanders
Notable
commanders
Yang Jingyu, Li Zhaolin, Zhou Baozhong, Zhao Shangzhi, Kim Il Sung
Northeast Counter-Japanese United Army
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese東北抗日聯軍
Simplified Chinese东北抗日联军
Korean name
Hangul동북항일연군
동북항일련군
Hanja東北抗日聯軍
東北抗日聯軍

The Northeast Counter-Japanese United Army,[1] also known as the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army, was the main Counter-Japanese guerrilla army in Northeast China (Manchuria) after the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931. Its predecessors were various Counter-Japanese volunteer armies organized by locals and the Manchuria branches of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). In February 1936, the CCP, in accordance with the instructions of the Communist International, issued The Declaration of the Unified Organization of Northeast Counter-Japanese United Army and marked the official formation of the organization.[2]

  1. ^ 中央编译局:“抗日”不宜译成“anti-Japanese”. xinhuanet.com (in Chinese). 2015-08-20. 我们认为,,除在特殊语境,"抗日"不宜译成"anti-Japanese"。首先,英文"anti-Japanese"是"反对日本""反对日本人"的意思,并不包含"侵略"等信息。如果将"抗日"译为"anti-Japanese",国外读者自然就会把所有与此相关的表述都理解为"反对日本人",而不是反抗日本侵略者,如"抗日民族统一战线""抗日根据地""抗日救亡运动"等,都会被理解为"反对日本人",而不是正义的"反抗侵略"的活动。
    其次,英文前缀"anti-"(即"反")后面加上民族或人民构成的复合词(如"anti-American" "anti-Chinese"等),经常与非理性的、情绪化的事件或行为搭配,如"anti-Japanese protest"(反日游行)、"anti-Japanese flag burning"(反日焚烧日本国旗)等。
    我们建议,"抗日"可以采用两种译法:resistance against Japanese aggression或者counter-Japanese。
    译法1:resistance against Japanese aggression或者resistance
    与"anti-Japanese"不同,"resistance"(反抗)包含着非常正面的内涵,一看便知指的是"反抗侵略"。例如,"中国人民抗日战争",翻译为"the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression",国外读者可以很清楚地看到哪一方是侵略者,哪一方是正义方。而在世界反法西斯战争期间,其他同盟国开展的各种反法西斯、反纳粹活动,英语的表述也经常用"resistance"。因此,将"抗日"一词译为"resistance",跟其他同盟国用同样的术语,有利于加强外国读者眼中中国作为同盟国重要成员、维护世界正义力量的形象。
    译法2:counter-Japanese
    与"resistance"相似,"counter-Japanese"一词也意味着对方的行为发生在先,己方行为是应对性质的,如"counter-attack"(反攻)。因而该译法能够表明抗击的对象是侵略行为,而不是日本民族。此外,该译法比"resistance against Japanese aggression"更简短,所以在部分语境里比前者用起来更加灵活,如"counter-Japanese guerrilla force"(抗日游击队)等。
  2. ^ Han, Dongmei (2012). 东北抗联:绝地战歌. 中共党史出版社. ISBN 9787509815670.

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