Old Believers | |
---|---|
староверы | |
Abbreviation | OB |
Type | Eastern Orthodox |
Classification | Independent Eastern Orthodox |
Orientation | Russian Orthodoxy |
Polity | Episcopal |
Governance | Belokrinitskaya and Novozybkovskaya hierarchies (Popovtsy) |
Structure | Independent councils (Bezpopovtsy) |
Popovtsy | |
Bezpopovtsy |
|
Region | 15 or 20 countries |
Language | Russian, Church Slavonic |
Liturgy | Byzantine Rite (Russian modified) |
Founder | Anti-reform dissenters |
Origin | 1652/1658–1685 Tsardom of Russia |
Separated from | Russian Orthodox Church |
Other name(s) | Old Ritualists |
Regions with significant populations | |
---|---|
Russia | 400,000 (2012 estimation)[1] |
Latvia | 34,517 (2011 census)[2] |
Romania | 23,487–32,558 (2011 census)[3][4] |
Lithuania | 18,196 (2022 census)[5] |
Armenia | 2,872 (2011 census)[6] |
Estonia | 2,290 (2021 census)[7] |
Moldova | 2,535 (2014 census)[8] |
Kazakhstan | 1,500 (2010 estimation)[9] |
Azerbaijan | 500 (2015 estimation)[10] |
Poland | 235 (2021 estimation)[11] |
Old Believers or Old Ritualists[a] are Eastern Orthodox Christians who maintain the liturgical and ritual practices of the Russian Orthodox Church as they were before the reforms of Patriarch Nikon of Moscow between 1652 and 1666. Resisting the accommodation of Russian piety to the contemporary forms of Greek Orthodox worship, these Christians were anathematized, together with their ritual, in a Synod of 1666–67, producing a division in Eastern Europe between the Old Believers and those who followed the state church in its condemnation of the Old Rite. Russian speakers refer to the schism itself as raskol (раскол), etymologically indicating a "cleaving-apart".
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