Openness

Openness is an overarching concept that is characterized by an emphasis on transparency and collaboration.^[1]^[2]^[3] That is, openness refers to "accessibility of knowledge, technology and other resources; the transparency of action; the permeability of organisational structures; and the inclusiveness of participation".^[2] Openness can be said to be the opposite of closedness,^[2] central authority and secrecy.^[1]

^ ^a ^b Peters, Michael. "The Idea of Openness: Open Education and Education for Openness". The Encyclopaedia of Educational Philosophy and Theory. Archived from the original on 1 May 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c Schlagwein, Daniel; Conboy, Kieran; Feller, Joseph; Leimeister, Jan Marco; Morgan, Lorraine (2017). "Openness With and Without Information Technology: A Framework and a Brief History". Journal of Information Technology. 32 (4): 297–305. doi:10.1057/s41265-017-0049-3. hdl:10379/13819.
^ Chuang, Tyng-Ruey; Fan, Rebecca C.; Ho, Ming-Syuan; Tyagi, Kalpana (2022). "Openness". Internet Policy Review. 11 (1). doi:10.14763/2022.1.1643. hdl:10419/254280.

[Peters-1] Peters, Michael. "The Idea of Openness: Open Education and Education for Openness". The Encyclopaedia of Educational Philosophy and Theory. Archived from the original on 1 May 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2014.

[Schlagwein-2] Schlagwein, Daniel; Conboy, Kieran; Feller, Joseph; Leimeister, Jan Marco; Morgan, Lorraine (2017). "Openness With and Without Information Technology: A Framework and a Brief History". Journal of Information Technology. 32 (4): 297–305. doi:10.1057/s41265-017-0049-3. hdl:10379/13819.

[3] Chuang, Tyng-Ruey; Fan, Rebecca C.; Ho, Ming-Syuan; Tyagi, Kalpana (2022). "Openness". Internet Policy Review. 11 (1). doi:10.14763/2022.1.1643. hdl:10419/254280.

[1]

[2]

[3]