Operation Kraai

Operation Kraai
	Part of the Indonesian National Revolution
	; Clockwise from top left: Dutch troops enter Djokjakarta. On the left a burning car.; Dutch troops on the advance of East Java; Station of Ngebroek. A bivouac is set up.; Advance in Tapanoeli (Sumatra). Patrol of Dutch soldiers passes some typical Batak houses; Advancement in Padang, Sumatra by Dutch troops.; Dutch soldiers in the main street of Rantau Prapat;
Date	19 December 1948 – 5 January 1949
Location	Java and Sumatra, Indonesia
Result	Dutch victory Yogyakarta captured by the Dutch; Indonesian government exiled; Guerrilla warfare continued;
Belligerents
Indonesia	Netherlands
Commanders and leaders
Sudirman; Djatikoesoemo; Abdul Haris Nasution;	Simon Hendrik Spoor; Dirk van Langen;
Units involved
Indonesian Army Kodam I/Bukit Barisan; Kodam III/Siliwangi; Kodam IV/Diponegoro; Kodam V/Brawijaya; Indonesian Air Force	Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force; Korps Speciale Troepen; Government Navy Royal Netherlands Army Grenadiers' and Rifles Guard Regiment; Garderegiment Fuseliers Prinses Irene; 1st Regiment Infantry (1 RI); 9th Regiment Infantry (9 RI); Regiment Infanterie Oranje Gelderland; Regiment Limburgse Jagers; Regiment Stoottroepen Prins Bernhard; Royal Netherlands Air Force Royal Netherlands Navy Mariniersbrigade
Strength
3 Mitsubishi Zero; 100,000 soldiers;	800–900 paratroopers; 10,000 soldiers-130,000 soldiers; 23 Douglas DC-3s; Dutch fighter aircraft and bombers;
Casualties and losses
unknown	unknown

Operation Kraai (Operation Crow) was a Dutch military offensive against the de facto Republic of Indonesia in December 1948, following the failure of negotiations. With the advantage of surprise, the Dutch managed to capture the Indonesian Republic's temporary capital, Yogyakarta, and seized Indonesian leaders such as de facto Republican President Sukarno. This apparent military success was, however, followed by guerrilla warfare, while the violation of the Renville Agreement ceasefire diplomatically isolated the Dutch. This led to the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference and recognition of the United States of Indonesia.^[4]

Referred to by the Dutch as the second politionele actie, it is more commonly known in Indonesian history books and military records as Agresi Militer Belanda II (Second Dutch Military Aggression).^[5]

^ ^a ^b Kahin (2003), p. 89
^ ^a ^b ^c Cite error: The named reference KahinSEA90 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Nasution, Abdul H. (1965). Fundamentals of Guerilla Warfare. New York: Praeger. pp. 179–180.
^ Ricklefs (1993), p.230 "... both a military and a political catastrophe for [the Dutch]".
^ Zweers (1995)

[KahinSEA89-1] Kahin (2003), p. 89

[KahinSEA90-2] Cite error: The named reference KahinSEA90 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[3] Nasution, Abdul H. (1965). Fundamentals of Guerilla Warfare. New York: Praeger. pp. 179–180.

[4] Ricklefs (1993), p.230 "... both a military and a political catastrophe for [the Dutch]".

[Zweers-5] Zweers (1995)

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