Operation Midnight Climax

Operation Midnight Climax was an operation carried out by the CIA as a sub-project of Project MKUltra, the mind-control research program that began in the 1950s. It was initially established in 1954 by Sidney Gottlieb and placed under the direction of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics in Boston, Massachusetts with the "Federal Narcotics Agent and CIA consultant"^[1] George Hunter White under the pseudonym of Morgan Hall.^[1]^[2] Dr. Sidney Gottlieb was a chemist who was chief of the Chemical Division of the Office of Technical Service of the CIA. Gottlieb based his plan for Project MKUltra and Operation Midnight Climax off of interrogation method research under Project Artichoke. Unlike Project Artichoke, Operation Midnight Climax gave Gottlieb permission to test drugs on unknowing citizens, which made way for the legacy of this operation.^[3] Hundreds of federal agents, field operatives, and scientists worked on these programs before they were shut down in the 1960s.

^ ^a ^b Jacobs, John; article, Washington Post Staff Writer; FreeLance reporter Paul Avery contributed to this (1977-09-05). "The Diaries Of a CIA Operative". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2021-11-08.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Ornes, Stephen (4 August 2008). "Whatever Happened to... Mind Control?". Discover. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
^ "(UNTITLED)} CIA FOIA (foia.cia.gov)" (PDF). www.cia.gov. Retrieved 2024-02-19.

[:0-1] Jacobs, John; article, Washington Post Staff Writer; FreeLance reporter Paul Avery contributed to this (1977-09-05). "The Diaries Of a CIA Operative". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2021-11-08.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[2] Ornes, Stephen (4 August 2008). "Whatever Happened to... Mind Control?". Discover. Retrieved 23 October 2019.

[3] "(UNTITLED)} CIA FOIA (foia.cia.gov)" (PDF). www.cia.gov. Retrieved 2024-02-19.

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