Operation Tupac

Operation Tupac
Operation Tupac
Part of Kashmir conflict and the wider India–Pakistan conflict
Operational scope	Provision of intelligence, funding and armaments for separatists and militants in Indian-administered Kashmir and India; Support anti-India separatist movements and militants, also support Islamist uprisings in India;
Location	Kashmir Valley
Planned by	Pakistan
Target	India
Date	1989–present
Executed by	Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI)
Outcome	Jammu and Kashmir (1989–present); Insurgency in Northeast India; Khalistan movement;

Operation Tupac is the codename of an ongoing military-intelligence contingency program that has been active since the 1980s and run by Pakistan's main intelligence agency Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). It has a three-part action plan to provide covert support to anti-India separatists and militants in the insurgency in Indan-administered Jammu and Kashmir. The program was authorized and initiated in 1988 by the order of the then-President of Pakistan, Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq.^[2]

^ ^a ^b ^c Winchell, Sean P. (2003), "Pakistan's ISI: The Invisible Government", International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, 16 (3): 374–388, doi:10.1080/713830449, S2CID 154924792
^ ^a ^b ^c John Pike (25 July 2002). "Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence". Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 15 May 2008.
^ Rashid (2013), p. 48.
^ Ghosh 2000 pg.8
^ "International Sikh Youth Federation (ISYF) South Asia Terrorism Portal article". The Institute for Conflict Management. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
^ Mehtab Ali Shah (1997). The foreign policy of Pakistan: ethnic impacts on diplomacy, 1971-1994. I.B.Tauris. p. 149. ISBN 978-1-86064-169-5.
^ Nanjappa, Vicky (10 June 2008). "200 Pak organisations raise funds for terror: IB". Rediff.com. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
^ Mukhtar Khan (9 January 2009). "India's Sikh Militants Forming Ties with Lashkar-e-Taiba and Pakistani Intelligence" (PDF). The Jamestown Foundation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 August 2012.