Ototoxicity

Ototoxicity
Ototoxicity
Specialty	Otorhinolaryngology

Ototoxicity is the property of being toxic to the ear (oto-), specifically the cochlea or auditory nerve and sometimes the vestibular system, for example, as a side effect of a drug. The effects of ototoxicity can be reversible and temporary, or irreversible and permanent. It has been recognized since the 19th century.^[1] There are many well-known ototoxic drugs used in clinical situations, and they are prescribed, despite the risk of hearing disorders, for very serious health conditions.^[2] Ototoxic drugs include antibiotics (such as gentamicin, streptomycin, tobramycin), loop diuretics (such as furosemide), and platinum-based chemotherapy agents (such as cisplatin and carboplatin). A number of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) have also been shown to be ototoxic.^[3]^[4] This can result in sensorineural hearing loss, dysequilibrium, or both. Some environmental and occupational chemicals have also been shown to affect the auditory system and interact with noise.^[5]

^ Schacht J, Hawkins JE (1 January 2006). "Sketches of otohistory. Part 11: Ototoxicity: drug-induced hearing loss". Audiology and Neuro-Otology. 11 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1159/000088850. PMID 16219991. S2CID 37321714.
^ Position Statement and Practice Guidelines on Ototoxicity Monitoring (PDF). American Academy of Audiology. 2009.
^ Cazals Y (December 2000). "Auditory sensori-neural alterations induced by salicylate". Progress in Neurobiology. 62 (6): 583–631. doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00027-7. PMID 10880852. S2CID 23196277.
^ Jung, T. T.; Rhee, C. K.; Lee, C. S.; Park, Y. S.; Choi, D. C. (October 1993). "Ototoxicity of salicylate, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, and quinine". Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 26 (5): 791–810. doi:10.1016/S0030-6665(20)30767-2. ISSN 0030-6665. PMID 8233489.
^ Johnson AC, Morata TC (2010). "Occupational exposure to chemicals and hearing impairment. The Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals" (PDF). Arbete och Hälsa. 44 (4): 177. Retrieved 4 May 2016.