Ovambo Uprising

Ovambo Uprising
	Part of South West Africa Campaign of World War I
	; Portuguese naval infantry in 1915.; These soldiers were sent to Angola and fought in Mongua.; (colorized photo by Joshua Benoliel)
Date	18 December 1914 – 6 February 1917
Location	Southern Portuguese Angola
Result	Portuguese sovereignty in southern Angola restored
Belligerents
Portugal Portuguese Angola; United Kingdom South Africa (from 1917);	Ovambo; Supported by:; Germany;
Commanders and leaders
Alves Roçadas; Pereira d'Eça; Colonel de Jager	Mandume ya Ndemufayo †; Calola
Strength
5,000; <1,000 African auxiliaries; 700	50,000 – 150,000; (<20,000 fully armed)
Casualties and losses
52 killed (18–20 August 1915; October 1916); 57 wounded	25 killed (18–20 August 1915); 100 wounded

The Ovambo Uprising was an uprising against Portuguese colonial rule in World War I. It lasted from about 18 December 1914 to 6 February 1917 with the death of its leader, King Mandume yaNdemufayo, by South African forces in Namibia. The war pitted Portuguese troops, commanded by General António Júlio da Costa Pereira de Eça, against an Ovambo army, composed mainly of fighters from the Oukwanyama clan.^[7]^[1]

^ ^a ^b Pélissier 1977.
^ ^a ^b Zollmann 2016a, p. 212.
^ Zollmann 2016b, p. 101.
^ Zollmann 2016a, p. 212–213.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Zollmann 2016a, p. 219.
^ Zollmann 2016b, p. 100.
^ Zollmann, Jakob (2016). Naulila 1914. World War I in Angola and International Law.

[FOOTNOTEPélissier1977-1] Pélissier 1977.

[FOOTNOTEZollmann2016a212-2] Zollmann 2016a, p. 212.

[FOOTNOTEZollmann2016b101-3] Zollmann 2016b, p. 101.

[FOOTNOTEZollmann2016a212–213-4] Zollmann 2016a, p. 212–213.

[FOOTNOTEZollmann2016a219-5] Zollmann 2016a, p. 219.

[FOOTNOTEZollmann2016b100-6] Zollmann 2016b, p. 100.

[7] Zollmann, Jakob (2016). Naulila 1914. World War I in Angola and International Law.

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