At a standard dose, paracetamol only slightly reduces fever;[14][16][17] it is inferior to ibuprofen in that respect,[18] and the benefits of its use for fever are unclear, particularly in the context of fever of viral origins.[14][19][20] Paracetamol relieves pain in both acute mild migraine and episodic tension headache.[21][22] The aspirin/paracetamol/caffeine combination also helps with both conditions where the pain is mild and is recommended as a first-line treatment for them.[23][24] Paracetamol is effective for post-surgical pain, but it is inferior to ibuprofen.[25] The paracetamol/ibuprofen combination provides further increase in potency and is superior to either drug alone.[25][26] The pain relief paracetamol provides in osteoarthritis is small and clinically insignificant.[15][27][28] The evidence in its favor for the use in low back pain, cancer pain, and neuropathic pain is insufficient.[15][29][27][30][31][32]
^Working Group of the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists and Faculty of Pain Medicine (2015). Schug SA, Palmer GM, Scott DA, Halliwell R, Trinca J (eds.). Acute Pain Management: Scientific Evidence (4th ed.). Melbourne: Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA), Faculty of Pain Medicine (FPM). ISBN978-0-9873236-7-5. Archived from the original(PDF) on 31 July 2019. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
^ abcCite error: The named reference pmid7039926 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Karthikeyan M, Glen RC, Bender A (2005). "General Melting Point Prediction Based on a Diverse Compound Data Set and Artificial Neural Networks". Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling. 45 (3): 581–590. doi:10.1021/ci0500132. PMID15921448. S2CID13017241.
^"Acetaminophen". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 5 June 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
^Daly FF, Fountain JS, Murray L, Graudins A, Buckley NA (March 2008). "Guidelines for the management of paracetamol poisoning in Australia and New Zealand—explanation and elaboration. A consensus statement from clinical toxicologists consulting to the Australasian poisons information centres". The Medical Journal of Australia. 188 (5): 296–301. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2008.tb01625.x. PMID18312195. S2CID9505802.
^Hawkins LC, Edwards JN, Dargan PI (2007). "Impact of restricting paracetamol pack sizes on paracetamol poisoning in the United Kingdom: a review of the literature". Drug Saf. 30 (6): 465–79. doi:10.2165/00002018-200730060-00002. PMID17536874. S2CID36435353.
^Larson AM, Polson J, Fontana RJ, Davern TJ, Lalani E, Hynan LS, et al. (2005). "Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure: results of a United States multicenter, prospective study". Hepatology. 42 (6): 1364–72. doi:10.1002/hep.20948. PMID16317692. S2CID24758491.
^World Health Organization (2023). The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/371090. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
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