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Paramount rulers in early Philippine history

An image from the Boxer Codex (c. 1590) supposedly portraying a native Tagalog ("naturales tagalos") couple, presumed by Professor Charles Ralph Boxer to be Tagalogs from the Maginoo class.

The term Paramount Ruler, or sometimes Paramount Datu, is a term used by historians[who?] to describe the highest ranking political authorities in the largest lowland polities or inter-polity alliance groups in early Philippine history,[1] most notably those in Maynila, Tondo, Pangasinan, Cebu, Bohol, Butuan, Cotabato, and Sulu.[2][3]

  1. ^ "Pre-colonial Manila". Malacañang Presidential Museum and Library. Malacañang Presidential Museum and Library Araw ng Maynila Briefers. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. June 23, 2015. Archived from the original on March 9, 2016. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
  2. ^ Junker, Laura Lee (1998). "Integrating History and Archaeology in the Study of Contact Period Philippine Chiefdoms". International Journal of Historical Archaeology. 2 (4): 291–320. doi:10.1023/A:1022611908759. S2CID 141415414.
  3. ^ Scott, William Henry (1994). Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. ISBN 971-550-135-4.

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