Patani Kingdom

Sultanate of Patani كسلطانن ڤطاني Kesultanan Pattani
c. 1400–1902
Map of the Sultanate of Patani
Capital	Pattani
Common languages	Malay language (Classical Malay; court language Kelantan-Pattani Malay; spoken daily language)
Religion	Sunni Islam
Government	Monarchy
Historical era	Middle Ages
• Established	c. 1400
• Conquest by Siam in 1786, later followed by annexation	1902
Preceded by Succeeded by Langkasuka Rattanakosin Kingdom Kelantan Darul Naim
Today part of	Thailand Malaysia

Patani, or the Sultanate of Patani (Jawi: كسلطانن ڤطاني) was a Malay sultanate in the historical Pattani Region. It covered approximately the area of the modern Thai provinces of Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat and part of the northern modern-day Malaysian state of Kelantan. The 2nd–15th century state of Langkasuka and 6–7th century state of Pan Pan may or may not have been related.

The golden age of Patani started during the reign of the first of its four successive queens, Raja Hijau (The Green Queen), who came to the throne in 1584 and was followed by Raja Biru (The Blue Queen), Raja Ungu (The Purple Queen) and Raja Kuning (The Yellow Queen). During this period the kingdom's economic and military strength was greatly increased to the point that it was able to fight off four major Siamese invasions. It had declined by the late 17th century and it was invaded by Siam in 1786, which eventually absorbed the state after its last raja was deposed in 1902.