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Paul Dirac

"Dirac" redirects here. For other uses, see Dirac (disambiguation).

Paul Dirac
OM FRS
Dirac in 1933
Born
Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac

(1902-08-08)8 August 1902
Bristol, England
Died20 October 1984(1984-10-20) (aged 82)
Tallahassee, Florida, U.S.
Citizenship
  • United Kingdom
  • Switzerland (until 1919)
Education
Alma mater
Known for
Spouse
Margit Wigner
​
(m. 1937)​
Children4 (2 stepchildren, including Gabriel)
RelativesEugene Wigner (brother-in-law)
Awards
Honours Order of Merit (1973)
Scientific career
Fields
InstitutionsUniversity of Cambridge
ThesisQuantum Mechanics (1926)
Doctoral advisorRalph H. Fowler
Doctoral students
Other notable students
15th Lucasian Professor of Mathematics
In office
1932–1969
Preceded byJoseph Larmor
Succeeded byJames Lighthill

Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac (/dɪˈræk/ dih-RAK;[2] 8 August 1902 – 20 October 1984) was an English mathematician and theoretical physicist who is considered to be one of the founders of quantum mechanics.[3][4] Dirac laid the foundations for both quantum electrodynamics and quantum field theory.[5][6][7][8] He was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge and a professor of physics at Florida State University. Dirac shared the 1933 Nobel Prize in Physics with Erwin Schrödinger for "the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory".[9]

Dirac graduated from the University of Bristol with a first class honours Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering in 1921, and a first class honours Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics in 1923.[10] Dirac then graduated from the University of Cambridge with a PhD in physics in 1926, writing the first ever thesis on quantum mechanics.[11]

Dirac made fundamental contributions to the early development of both quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics, coining the latter term.[7] Among other discoveries, he formulated the Dirac equation in 1928. It connected special relativity and quantum mechanics and predicted the existence of antimatter.[12][13] The Dirac equations is one of the most important results in physics,[5] regarded by some physicists as the "real seed of modern physics".[14] He wrote a famous paper in 1931,[15] which further predicted the existence of antimatter.[16][17][13] Dirac also contributed greatly to the reconciliation of general relativity with quantum mechanics. He contributed to Fermi–Dirac statistics, which describes the behaviour of fermions, particles with half-integer spin. His 1930 monograph, The Principles of Quantum Mechanics, is one of the most influential texts on the subject.[18]

In 1987, Abdus Salam declared that "Dirac was undoubtedly one of the greatest physicists of this or any century ... No man except Einstein has had such a decisive influence, in so short a time, on the course of physics in this century."[19] In 1995, Stephen Hawking stated that "Dirac has done more than anyone this century, with the exception of Einstein, to advance physics and change our picture of the universe".[20] Antonino Zichichi asserted that Dirac had a greater impact on modern physics than Einstein,[14] while Stanley Deser remarked that "We all stand on Dirac's shoulders."[21]

  1. ^ a b c d "Paul Dirac". Mathematics Genealogy Project.
  2. ^ "DIRAC Definition & Meaning". Dictionary.com.
  3. ^ Simmons, John (1997). The Scientific 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Scientists, Past and Present. Secaucus, New Jersey: Carol Publishing Group. pp. 104–108. ISBN 978-0806517490.
  4. ^ Mukunda, N., Images of Twentieth Century Physics (Bangalore: Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, 2000), p. 9.
  5. ^ a b Berry, Michael (1 February 1998). "Paul Dirac: the purest soul in physics". Physics World. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
  6. ^ Duck, Ian; Sudarshan, E. C. G. (1998). "Chapter 6: Dirac's Invention of Quantum Field Theory". Pauli and the Spin-Statistics Theorem. World Scientific Publishing. pp. 149–167. ISBN 978-9810231149.
  7. ^ a b "Quantum Field Theory > The History of QFT (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)". plato.stanford.edu. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  8. ^ Bhaumik, Mani L. (2022). "How Dirac's Seminal Contributions Pave the Way for Comprehending Nature's Deeper Designs". Quanta. 8 (1): 88–100. arXiv:2209.03937. doi:10.12743/quanta.v8i1.96. S2CID 212835814.
  9. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1933". The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
  10. ^ Schmitz, Kenneth S. (2018). Physical Chemistry: Multidisciplinary Applications in Society. Elsevier. p. 310. ISBN 978-0-12-800513-2.
  11. ^ Gordin, Michael D. (6 February 2017). "Dr. Strange". American Scientist. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
  12. ^ "PAUL DIRAC, NOBEL LAUREATE; DEVELOPED MODEL OF THE ATOM". The New York Times. 22 October 1984.
  13. ^ a b "Discovering the positron". timeline.web.cern.ch. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  14. ^ a b Zichichi, Antonino (2 March 2000). "Dirac, Einstein and physics". Physics World. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  15. ^ Dirac, Paul (1931). "Quantised singularities in the electromagnetic field". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character. 133 (821): 60–72. Bibcode:1931RSPSA.133...60D. doi:10.1098/rspa.1931.0130. ISSN 0950-1207.
  16. ^ Gottfried, Kurt (2011). "P. A. M. Dirac and the discovery of quantum mechanics". American Journal of Physics. 79 (3): 2, 10. arXiv:1006.4610. Bibcode:2011AmJPh..79..261G. doi:10.1119/1.3536639. S2CID 18229595.
  17. ^ Kragh, Helge (10 September 2013), "Paul Dirac and The Principles of Quantum Mechanics", Research and Pedagogy: A History of Quantum Physics through Its Textbooks, MPRL – Studies, Berlin: Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften, ISBN 978-3-945561-24-9, retrieved 23 October 2023
  18. ^ Brown, Laurie M. (2006). "Paul A. M. Dirac's Principles of Quantum Mechanics" (PDF). Physics in Perspective. 8 (4): 381–407. Bibcode:2006PhP.....8..381B. doi:10.1007/s00016-006-0276-4. S2CID 120303937.
  19. ^ Kursunoglu, Behram N.; Wigner, Eugene P. (1987). Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac: Reminiscences about a Great Physicist. Cambridge University Press. p. 262. ISBN 9780521340137.
  20. ^ "The Strangest Man: The Hidden Life of Paul Dirac, Quantum Genius". CERN Courier. 25 August 2009. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  21. ^ Deser, Stanley (2004). "P.A.M. Dirac and the Development of Modern General Relativity". International Journal of Modern Physics A. 19 (supp01): 99–105. Bibcode:2004IJMPA..19S..99D. doi:10.1142/S0217751X04018622. ISSN 0217-751X.

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