Penile fracture

Penile Fracture
Penile Fracture
	Penile fracture
Specialty	Urology
Symptoms	Immediate pain and swelling of the penis, rapid erection loss, discoloration of the penile shaft
Complications	Gangrene, erectile dysfunction, Peyronie's disease
Causes	Blunt trauma to an erect penis
Risk factors	Sexual intercourse, masturbation
Diagnostic method	Based on symptoms, ultrasound
Differential diagnosis	Testicular torsion
Treatment	Emergency surgery
Prognosis	~10–50% of people develop erectile dysfunction or Peyronie's disease
Frequency	~1 per 175,000 men per year

Penile fracture is rupture of one or both of the tunica albuginea, the fibrous coverings that envelop the penis's corpora cavernosa. It is caused by rapid blunt force to an erect penis, usually during vaginal intercourse, or aggressive masturbation.^[4] It sometimes also involves partial or complete rupture of the urethra or injury to the dorsal nerves, veins and arteries.^[5]

^ "Penis fracture: Is it possible?". Mayo Clinic.
^ Cite error: The named reference FernandesSouza2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Amer, Tarik; Wilson, Rebekah; Chlosta, Piotr; Albuheissi, Salah; Qazi, Hasan; Fraser, Michael; Aboumarzouk, Omar M. (2016). "Penile Fracture: A Meta-Analysis". Urologia Internationalis. 96 (3): 315–329. doi:10.1159/000444884. PMID 26953932. S2CID 8901660.
^ Greenberg's Text-Atlas of Emergency Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 22 November 2004. p. 318. ISBN 978-0-7817-4586-4. Retrieved 15 October 2012.
^ Haas CA, Brown SL, Spirnak JP (April 1999). "Penile fracture and testicular rupture". World J Urol. 17 (2): 101–6. doi:10.1007/s003450050114. PMID 10367369. S2CID 27097515.