Personality development

Personality development encompasses the dynamic construction and deconstruction of integrative characteristics that distinguish an individual in terms of interpersonal behavioral traits.^[1] Personality development is ever-changing and subject to contextual factors and life-altering experiences. Personality development is also dimensional in description and subjective in nature.^[2] That is, personality development can be seen as a continuum varying in degrees of intensity and change. It is subjective in nature because its conceptualization is rooted in social norms of expected behavior, self-expression, and personal growth.^[3]^[4] The dominant viewpoint in personality psychology indicates that personality emerges early and continues to develop across one's lifespan.^[5] Adult personality traits are believed to have a basis in infant temperament, meaning that individual differences in disposition and behavior appear early in life, potentially before language of conscious self-representation develop.^[6] The Five Factor Model of personality maps onto the dimensions of childhood temperament.^[7] This suggests that individual differences in levels of the corresponding personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) are present from young ages.^[8]

^ Wrzus C (2021). "Processes of personality development: An update of the TESSERA framework". The Handbook of Personality Dynamics and Processes. Elsevier. pp. 101–123. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813995-0.00005-4. ISBN 9780128139950. S2CID 234237414.
^ Hang Y, Soto C, Lee B, Speyer LG, Murray AL, Mõttus R (June 2023). "Social expectations and abilities to meet them as possible mechanisms of youth personality development" (PDF). Journal of Personality. 91 (3): 601–612. doi:10.31234/osf.io/8yp6x. PMID 35900800. S2CID 236660320.
^ Bilohur V (2019). "Formation and Development of Personality Established by Change and Growth". Humanities Bulletin of Zaporizhzhe State Engineering Academy. 76: 77–89. doi:10.26661/2072-1692-2019-76-06. S2CID 164489912.
^ Caspi A, Roberts BW (2001). "Personality development across the life course: The argument for change and continuity". Psychological Inquiry. 12 (2): 49–66. doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1202_01. S2CID 144947217.
^ Roberts BW, Wood D, Caspi A (2010). "The development of personality traits in adulthood.". In John OP, Robins RW, Pervi LA (eds.). Handbook of personality: Theory and research (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. pp. 375–398.
^ Rothbart MK, Ahadi SA, Evans DE (January 2000). "Temperament and personality: origins and outcomes". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 78 (1): 122–135. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.1.122. PMID 10653510.
^ Putnam SP, Ellis LK, Rothbart MK (2001). Eliasz A, Angleitner A (eds.). "The structure of temperament from infancy through adolescence". Advances in Research on Temperament. Germany: Pabst Science: 165–182.
^ Deal JE, Halverson CF, Havill V, Martin R (2005). "Temperament factors as longitudinal predictors of young adult personality". Merrill-Palmer Quarterly. 51 (3): 315–334. doi:10.1353/mpq.2005.0015. S2CID 143953664.

[1] Wrzus C (2021). "Processes of personality development: An update of the TESSERA framework". The Handbook of Personality Dynamics and Processes. Elsevier. pp. 101–123. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813995-0.00005-4. ISBN 9780128139950. S2CID 234237414.

[2] Hang Y, Soto C, Lee B, Speyer LG, Murray AL, Mõttus R (June 2023). "Social expectations and abilities to meet them as possible mechanisms of youth personality development" (PDF). Journal of Personality. 91 (3): 601–612. doi:10.31234/osf.io/8yp6x. PMID 35900800. S2CID 236660320.

[3] Bilohur V (2019). "Formation and Development of Personality Established by Change and Growth". Humanities Bulletin of Zaporizhzhe State Engineering Academy. 76: 77–89. doi:10.26661/2072-1692-2019-76-06. S2CID 164489912.

[4] Caspi A, Roberts BW (2001). "Personality development across the life course: The argument for change and continuity". Psychological Inquiry. 12 (2): 49–66. doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1202_01. S2CID 144947217.

[Roberts,_B._W._2010_pp._375-39823-5] Roberts BW, Wood D, Caspi A (2010). "The development of personality traits in adulthood.". In John OP, Robins RW, Pervi LA (eds.). Handbook of personality: Theory and research (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press. pp. 375–398.

[6] Rothbart MK, Ahadi SA, Evans DE (January 2000). "Temperament and personality: origins and outcomes". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 78 (1): 122–135. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.1.122. PMID 10653510.

[7] Putnam SP, Ellis LK, Rothbart MK (2001). Eliasz A, Angleitner A (eds.). "The structure of temperament from infancy through adolescence". Advances in Research on Temperament. Germany: Pabst Science: 165–182.

[8] Deal JE, Halverson CF, Havill V, Martin R (2005). "Temperament factors as longitudinal predictors of young adult personality". Merrill-Palmer Quarterly. 51 (3): 315–334. doi:10.1353/mpq.2005.0015. S2CID 143953664.

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