Back تبني وجهة نظر Arabic Perspektivenübernahme (Psychologie) German यथार्थ Hindi Przyjmowanie perspektywy Polish
Perspective-taking is the act of perceiving a situation or understanding a concept from an alternative point of view, such as that of another individual.[1]
A vast amount of scientific literature suggests that perspective-taking is crucial to human development[2] and that it may lead to a variety of beneficial outcomes.[3][4] Perspective-taking may also be possible in some non-human animals.[5]
Both theory and research have suggested ages when children begin to perspective-take and how that ability develops over time.[2][6] Research suggests that certain people who have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with comorbid conduct problems (such as Oppositional Defiant Disorder)[7][8] or autism[9] may have reduced ability to engage in perspective-taking.
Studies to assess the brain regions involved in perspective-taking suggest that several regions may be involved, including the prefrontal cortex and the precuneus.[10]
Perspective-taking is related to other theories and concepts including theory of mind[11] and empathy.[12]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Galinskyetal.,2008was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b PiagetJ, Inhelder B, Langdon FJ, Lunzer JL (1967). The child's conception of space. New York. ISBN 978-0393004083. OCLC 444733.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Todd AR, Bodenhausen GV, Richeson JA, Galinsky AD (June 2011). "Perspective taking combats automatic expressions of racial bias". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 100 (6): 1027–42. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.470.8388. doi:10.1037/a0022308. PMID 21381852.
- ^ Grant AM, Berry JW (2011). "The Necessity of Others is the Mother of Invention: Intrinsic and Prosocial Motivations, Perspective Taking, and Creativity". The Academy of Management Journal. 54 (1): 73–96. doi:10.5465/amj.2011.59215085. JSTOR 29780276. S2CID 4526418.
- ^ Bräuer J, Call J, Tomasello M (2004). "Visual perspective taking in dogs (Canis familiaris) in the presence of barriers". Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 88 (3–4): 299–317. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2004.03.004.
- ^ Flavell JH (1977). "The development of knowledge about visual perception". Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. 25: 43–76. PMID 753993.
- ^ Nilsen ES, Fecica AM (2011-03-01). "A model of communicative perspective-taking for typical and atypical populations of children". Developmental Review. 31 (1): 55–78. doi:10.1016/j.dr.2011.07.001.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:15was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Reed T, Peterson C (December 1990). "A comparative study of autistic subjects' performance at two levels of visual and cognitive perspective taking". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 20 (4): 555–67. doi:10.1007/BF02216060. PMID 2279973. S2CID 31553257.
- ^ Schurz M, Aichhorn M, Martin A, Perner J (2013). "Common brain areas engaged in false belief reasoning and visual perspective taking: a meta-analysis of functional brain imaging studies". Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 7: 712. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00712. PMC 3814428. PMID 24198773.
- ^ Harwood MD, Farrar MJ (2006-06-01). "Conflicting emotions: The connection between affective perspective taking and theory of mind". British Journal of Developmental Psychology. 24 (2): 401–418. doi:10.1348/026151005X50302. ISSN 2044-835X.
- ^ Davis MH (1983). "Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 44 (1): 113–126. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.113. hdl:10983/25968.
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