Peruvian War of Independence

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Peruvian War of Independence
Part of the Spanish American wars of independence
Clockwise, left to right: José de San Martín's landing in Paracas, the declaration of independence in Lima, the Battle of Camino Real in Ecuador, the Battle of Junín, and the Battle of Ayacucho.
Date 1811–1826 (15 years) Location Viceroyalty of Peru and Real Audiencia of Charcas Result Patriot victory Peru gains its independence from the Spanish Empire and dissolution of the Viceroyalty of Peru Skirmishes continue in Huamanga until 1828 Territorial changes The Viceroyalty of Peru is dismembered from the Spanish Empire and capture of 856,212 km² by the República Peruana.
Belligerents
Patriot forces: Peruvian rebels (1809–1820)  Protectorate of Peru (1821–1822)  Peruvian Republic (1822–1826) Co-belligerents:  Río de la Plata (1820–1822)  Chile (1823–1826)  Colombia (1823–1826)	Royalists: Napoleonic Spanish (until 1813) Spanish Empire (since 1814) Viceroyalty of Peru Captaincy General of Chile Governorate of Chiloé Supported by: Iquicha Portugal (in Maynas)
Commanders and leaders
Francisco de Zela (POW) # Juan José Crespo [es]  Mateo Pumacahua  Mariano Melgar  Angulo brothers  Clemente Casanga  Antonio Casanga  José Olaya  José de la Riva Agüero José Bernardo de Tagle † Toribio de Luzuriaga Ramón Castilla Agustín Gamarra José de la Mar (from 1821) Felipe Salaverry Co-belligerents: Simón Bolívar Antonio de Sucre José de San Martín Juan de las Heras Carlos M. de Alvear Bernardo O'Higgins Thomas Cochrane	Royalists: Ferdinand VII José de Abascal # José de Goyeneche Joaquín de la Pezuela José de la Serna y Martínez  José de Canterac Orlic  Mariano Osorio Pardo (POW) Melchor Aymerich Villajuana  Pedro Antonio Olañeta † Antonio de Quintanilla (POW) José de La Mar y Cortazar  Andrés de Santa Cruz (POW) Supported by: Antonio Huachaca (WIA) Prudencio Huachaca † Nicolás Soregui
Units involved
Patriot Army: Peruvian Army Peruvian Navy Montoneros Co-belligerent armies: Gran Colombian Army Gran Colombia Navy Chilean Army Chilean Navy Army of the Andes	Royalist Army: Spanish Imperial Army Spanish Imperial Navy
Casualties and losses
Unknown
105,000—180,000 killed[1] 6,000 civilians killed in Second siege of Callao[2] 11,400 Spaniards left Lima[3]

The Peruvian War of Independence (Spanish: Guerra de Independencia del Perú) was a series of military conflicts in Peru from 1809 to 1826 that resulted in the country's independence from the Spanish Empire. Part of the broader Spanish American wars of independence, it led to the dissolution of the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru.

French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte's 1808 invasion of Spain resulted in the abdications of Charles IV and Ferdinand VII in favour of Joseph Bonaparte. In Spanish America, autonomous governments arose in the power vacuum.

Initially Peru was a stronghold for royalists, with Viceroy José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa using Peru as a base for counterrevolutionary forces.

In 1820, the Liberating Expedition of Peru, under the command of Argentine General San Martín forced the viceroyalty to abandon Lima and fortify itself in Cusco. But conflict between San Martin and Simón Bolívar at the Guayaquil Conference divided patriot forces.

Aided by Bolivar continued with the definitive defeat of the Spanish Army in 1824, with the surrender of the last major Spanish strongholds in 1826.