Dissociative hallucinogenic drug, mostly used recreationally
Phencyclidine Trade names Sernyl, Sernylan (both discontinued) Other names CI-395; Phenylcyclohexylpiperidine; "Angel dust"[1] AHFS /Drugs.com phencyclidine Dependence liability Physical : Low
Psychological : Moderate[2] Addiction liability Variable, reported from low to high[3] [4] Routes of administration Smoking , injection , snorted , by mouth [5] [6] Drug class NMDA receptor antagonists ; General anesthetics ; Dissociative hallucinogens [5] ATC code Legal status
Metabolism Oxidative hydroxylation in liver by CYP450 enzymes , glucuronidation Metabolites PCHP, PPC, PCAA Onset of action 2–60 min[7] Elimination half-life 7–46 hours Duration of action 6–48 hours[7] Excretion Urine
1-(1-Phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine
CAS Number PubChem CID IUPHAR/BPS DrugBank ChemSpider UNII KEGG ChEBI ChEMBL CompTox Dashboard (EPA ) ECHA InfoCard 100.150.427 Formula C 17 H 25 N Molar mass 243.394 g·mol−1 3D model (JSmol ) Melting point 46.5 °C (115.7 °F) Boiling point 136 °C (277 °F)
c1ccccc1C2(CCCCC2)N3CCCCC3
InChI=1S/C17H25N/c1-4-10-16(11-5-1)17(12-6-2-7-13-17)18-14-8-3-9-15-18/h1,4-5,10-11H,2-3,6-9,12-15H2
Y Key:JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Y
Phencyclidine (data page) N Y (what is this?) (verify)
Phencyclidine or phenylcyclohexyl piperidine (PCP ), also known in its use as a street drug as angel dust among other names, is a dissociative anesthetic mainly used recreationally for its significant mind-altering effects.[1] [5] PCP may cause hallucinations , distorted perceptions of sounds, and violent behavior .[5] [8] [9] As a recreational drug , it is typically smoked , but may be taken by mouth , snorted , or injected .[5] [6] [8] It may also be mixed with cannabis or tobacco .[1] [5]
Adverse effects may include seizures , coma , addiction , and an increased risk of suicide .[8] Flashbacks may occur despite stopping usage.[9] Chemically, PCP is a member of the arylcyclohexylamine class , and pharmacologically , it is a dissociative anesthetic .[5] [10] [11] PCP works primarily as an NMDA receptor antagonist .[10]
PCP is most commonly used in the United States.[12] While usage peaked in the US in the 1970s,[13] between 2005 and 2011 an increase in visits to emergency departments as a result of the drug occurred.[8] As of 2017 in the United States, about 1% of people in 12th grade reported using PCP in the prior year while 2.9% of those over the age of 25 reported using it at some point in their lives.[14]
^ a b c "PCP Fast Facts" . National Drug Intelligence Center . 2003. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2018 .
^ Stobo JD, Traill TA, Hellmann DB, Ladenson PW, Petty BG (1996). The Principles and Practice of Medicine . McGraw Hill Professional. p. 933. ISBN 9780071383653 . high abuse liability
^ Cite error: The named reference NHM-PCP and ketamine
was invoked but never defined (see the help page ).
^ Stobo JD, Traill TA, Hellmann DB, Ladenson PW, Petty BG (1996). The Principles and Practice of Medicine . McGraw Hill Professional. p. 933. ISBN 9780071383653 . high abuse liability
^ a b c d e f g Giannini AJ (1998). "Chapter 35: Phencyclidine" . In Tarter RE, Ammerman R, Ott PJ (eds.). Handbook of Substance Abuse: Neurobehavioral Pharmacology . New York : Plenum Publishing Corporation . pp. 579–587. ISBN 978-1-4757-2913-9 .
^ a b "NIDA InfoFacts: Hallucinogens – LSD, Peyote, Psilocybin, and PCP" . National Institute on Drug Abuse . Retrieved 2018-02-19 .
^ a b Riviello RJ (2010). Manual of forensic emergency medicine : a guide for clinicians . Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. pp. 41–42. ISBN 9780763744625 .
^ a b c d Bush DM (2013). "Emergency Department Visits Involving Phencyclidine (PCP)". The CBHSQ Report. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US) . PMID 27656747 . PCP can lead to hostile behavior that may result in episodes of extreme violence
^ a b "Hallucinogens" . National Institute on Drug Abuse . January 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2018 .
^ a b Marion NE, Oliver WM (2014). Drugs in American Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture, and the Law [3 volumes] . ABC-CLIO. p. 732. ISBN 9781610695961 .
^ Zedeck BE, Zedeck MS (2007). Forensic Pharmacology . Infobase Publishing. p. 97. ISBN 9781438103822 .
^ "GINAD" . www.ginad.org . Archived from the original on 2018-09-10. Retrieved 2018-02-20 .
^ "PCP" . CESAR . Archived from the original on 12 March 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2018 .
^ "Hallucinogens" . NIAD . Archived from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2018 .