Phoenix Islands Protected Area

Phoenix Islands Protected Area
Phoenix Islands Protected Area
PIPA
	PIPA represents one of Earth’s last intact oceanic coral archipelago ecosystems with reefs being what a reef might have looked like one thousand years ago.
	Phoenix Islands Protected Area boundary outlined
Location	Phoenix Islands
Area	408,250 km2
Established	January 2008
Governing body	Republic of Kiribati
	www.phoenixislands.org/index.php
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Type	Natural
Criteria	vii, ix
Designated	2010 (34th session)
Reference no.	1325
Region	Asia-Pacific

The Phoenix Islands Protected Area (PIPA) is located in the Republic of Kiribati, an ocean nation in the central Pacific approximately midway between Australia and Hawaii. PIPA constitutes 11.34% of Kiribati's exclusive economic zone (EEZ), and with a size of 408,250 km² (157,630 sq mi), it is one of the largest marine protected areas (MPA) and one of the largest protected areas of any type (land or sea) on Earth.^[1] The PIPA was also designated as the world's largest and deepest UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2010.^[2]

The PIPA conserves one of the world's largest intact oceanic coral archipelago ecosystems, includes 14 known underwater seamounts (presumed to be extinct volcanoes) and other deep-sea habitats. The area contains approximately 800 known species of fauna, including about 200 coral species, 500 fish species, 18 marine mammals and 44 bird species.^[3]^[4]^[1] In total it is equivalent to the size of the state of California in the US, though the total land area is only 25 km² (9.7 sq mi).^[5] To the north of the PIPA is the U.S. administered Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument that is currently the world's largest designated MPA.

^ ^a ^b Rotjan, Randi (2014). Establishment, management, and maintenance of the Phoenix Islands Protected Area. In: Advances in Marine Biology. Elsevier, Oxford Press. ISBN 978-0-12-800214-8.
^ "Phoenix Islands Protected Area". conservation International. 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
^ "Phoenix Islands Protected Area". UNESCO. 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
^ Pierce, R.J., and D. Brown (16 April 2008). "Phoenix Islands Restoration Project" (PDF). NZAID – PIPA. Retrieved 29 March 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Christopher Pala (2 October 2008). "Ocean wilderness is size of California". Cosmos magazine. Cosmos Media Ltd. Archived from the original on 10 February 2014. Retrieved 2013-06-07. The Phoenix Islands Protected Area will be the size of California, the first that protects tuna and other ocean-going fish and the first to get funding using market-based mechanisms.

[Rotjan_2014-1] Rotjan, Randi (2014). Establishment, management, and maintenance of the Phoenix Islands Protected Area. In: Advances in Marine Biology. Elsevier, Oxford Press. ISBN 978-0-12-800214-8.

[CO-2] "Phoenix Islands Protected Area". conservation International. 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2021.

[PG1-3] "Phoenix Islands Protected Area". UNESCO. 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2021.

[Pierce1-4] Pierce, R.J., and D. Brown (16 April 2008). "Phoenix Islands Restoration Project" (PDF). NZAID – PIPA. Retrieved 29 March 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[5] Christopher Pala (2 October 2008). "Ocean wilderness is size of California". Cosmos magazine. Cosmos Media Ltd. Archived from the original on 10 February 2014. Retrieved 2013-06-07. The Phoenix Islands Protected Area will be the size of California, the first that protects tuna and other ocean-going fish and the first to get funding using market-based mechanisms.

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