Pieter Brueghel the Younger

Pieter Brueghel (also Bruegel or Breughel)^[a] the Younger (/ˈbrɔɪɡəl/,^[2]^[3] also US: /ˈbruːɡəl/;^[4]^[5] Dutch: [ˈpitər ˈbrøːɣəl] ^ⓘ; between 23 May and 10 October 1564 – 1637/38) was a Flemish painter known for numerous copies after his father Pieter Bruegel the Elder's work, as well as original compositions and Bruegelian pastiches. The large output of his studio (some 1,400 pictures exist with plausible links to Brueghel and his shop^[6]), which produced for the local and export market, contributed to the international spread of his father's imagery.

Traditionally Pieter Brueghel the Younger has been nicknamed "de helse Brueghel" or "Hellish Brueghel" because it was believed he was the author of several paintings with fantastic depictions of fire and grotesque imagery. These paintings have now been attributed to his brother Jan Brueghel the Elder.^[7]^[8]

^ "Pieter Brueghel (II)" (in Dutch and Middle Dutch). Netherlands Institute for Art History.
^ "Brueghel". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
^ "Bruegel". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 22 March 2020.
^ "Brueghel". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
^ "Brueghel". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
^ Catalogued by Klaus Ertz: Pieter Brueghel der Jüngere (1564–1637/38). Die Gemälde mit kritischem Oeuvrekatalog, Lingen, 1998–2000, 2 vols.
^ Alexander Wied and Hans J. Van Miegroet. "Jan Breughel I." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 11 July 2014.
^ Larry Silver, Peasant Scenes and Landscapes: The Rise of Pictorial Genres in the Antwerp Art Market, University of Pennsylvania Press, 4 Jan 2012, p. 154–158

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[rk-1] "Pieter Brueghel (II)" (in Dutch and Middle Dutch). Netherlands Institute for Art History.

[3] "Brueghel". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 10 August 2019.

[4] "Bruegel". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 22 March 2020.

[5] "Brueghel". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 10 August 2019.

[6] "Brueghel". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 10 August 2019.

[7] Catalogued by Klaus Ertz: Pieter Brueghel der Jüngere (1564–1637/38). Die Gemälde mit kritischem Oeuvrekatalog, Lingen, 1998–2000, 2 vols.

[Jan-8] Alexander Wied and Hans J. Van Miegroet. "Jan Breughel I." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 11 July 2014.

[larry-9] Larry Silver, Peasant Scenes and Landscapes: The Rise of Pictorial Genres in the Antwerp Art Market, University of Pennsylvania Press, 4 Jan 2012, p. 154–158

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