Polabian | |
---|---|
Slüvensťă rec / Vensťĕ | |
![]() The first page of Vocabularium Venedicum | |
Pronunciation | /slyˈvɛˑn.stʲɐ rɛt͡s/ |
Native to | Germany |
Extinct | 3 October 1756 (death of Emerentz Schultze)[1] |
Revival | 21st century; ≥5 known L2 speakers[2] |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | pox |
pox | |
Glottolog | pola1255 |
Linguasphere | 53-AAA-bc |
![]() Grey: Former settlement area of the Polabian Slavs. Green: Uninhabited forest areas. Darker shade just indicates higher elevation. |
The Polabian language,[a] also known as Drevanian–Polabian language,[b] Drevanian language,[c] and Lüneburg Wendish language,[d] is a West Slavic language that was spoken by the Polabian Slavs (German: Wenden) in present-day northeastern Germany around the Elbe, from which the term Polabian comes from. It was spoken approximately until the rise to power of Prussia in the mid-18th century – when it was superseded by Low German – in the areas of Pomoré (Mecklenburg-West Pomerania), central (Mittelmark) part of Branibor (Brandenburg) and eastern Saxony-Anhalt (Wittenberg originally part of Béla Serbia), as well as in eastern parts of Wendland (Lower Saxony) and Dravänia (Schleswig-Holstein), Ostholstein and Lauenburg). Polabian was also relatively long (until the 16th century) spoken in and around the cities of Bukovéc (Lübeck), Starigard (Oldenburg) and Trava (Hamburg). The very poorly attested Slavic dialects of Rügen seemed to have had more in common with Polabian than with Pomeranian varieties.[5] In the south, it bordered on the Sorbian language area in Lusatia.
Polabian is characterized by the preservation of a number of archaic features, such as the presence of nasal vowels, a lack of metathesis of Proto-Slavic *tort; the presence of an aorist and imperfect verb tenses, traces of the dual number, and some prosodic features, as well as by some innovations, including diphthongization of closed vowels, a shift of the vowels o to ö, ü and a to o; a softening of the consonants g, k in some positions to d', t', an occasional reduction of final vowels, and the formation of complex tenses, many which are associated with the influence of the German language. Polabian also has a large number of Middle Low German borrowings.
By the 18th century, Lechitic Polabian was in some respects markedly different from other Slavic languages, most notably in having a strong German influence. It was close to Pomeranian and Kashubian, and is attested only in a handful of manuscripts, dictionaries and various writings from the 17th and 18th centuries.[6][7]
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