Taiwan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 臺灣問題 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 台湾问题 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Literal meaning | The Taiwan issue | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The political status of Taiwan or the Taiwan issue is an ongoing geopolitical dispute about Taiwan, currently controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), that arose in the mid-twentieth century. Originally based in mainland China before and during World War II, the ROC government retreated to Taiwan in 1949 after the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) won the Chinese Civil War and established the People's Republic of China (PRC). Since then, the effective jurisdiction of the ROC has been limited to Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and smaller islands.
After around 50-year rule by Japan since the cession of Taiwan in 1895, Taiwan and Penghu were placed under Chinese administration in 1945 following the surrender of Japan as intended by the major Allies of World War II. Due to the rivalry between the ROC and the PRC, post-war agreements did not specify the owner of the islands.[1][2] The ROC in its constitution still asserts sovereignty over the entire territory of mainland China and Taiwan; it no longer considers the CCP as a rebellious group but admits it as the "mainland authorities".[3] The PRC on the other hand has not ruled out the use of military force in the pursuit of Chinese unification.[4] It has proposed "one country, two systems" as a model for unification, though this has been rejected by the Taiwanese government.[5] Within Taiwan, there is major political contention between eventual Chinese unification with a pan-Chinese identity contrasted with formal independence promoting a Taiwanese identity, though moderates supporting the status quo have gained broad appeal in the 21st century.[6][7]
Since 1949 many countries must choose between the PRC and the ROC with which to establish formal diplomatic relations and shape their respective "One China" policy. Initially excluded from the United Nations in favor of Taipei, Beijing has gained increased recognition as the legitimate government of China. The ROC has formal diplomatic relations with only twelve nations but maintains unofficial bilateral ties and membership in international organizations as a non-state entity.[8]
...Most importantly, with the repeal of the temporary provisions, the Chinese Communist Party would no longer be seen as a rebel group. "From now on, we will see the Chinese Communist Party as a political entity that controls the mainland region and we will call them the 'mainland authorities' or the 'Chinese Communist authorities'," President Lee said during the press conference
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