Polygyny in animals

Polygyny (/pəˈlɪdʒɪni/; from Neo-Greek πολυγυνία, from πολύ- (polú-) 'many' and γυνή (gunḗ) 'woman, wife')^[1] is a mating system in which one male lives and mates with multiple females but each female only mates with a single male. Systems where several females mate with several males are defined either as promiscuity or polygynandry. Lek mating is frequently regarded as a form of polygyny, because one male mates with many females, but lek-based mating systems differ in that the male has no attachment to the females with whom he mates, and that mating females lack attachment to one another.^[2]

Polygyny is typical of one-male, multi-female groups^[3] and can be found in many species including: elephant seal,^[4] spotted hyena,^[5] gorilla, red-winged prinia, house wren, hamadryas baboon, common pheasant, red deer, Bengal tiger, Xylocopa sonorina, Anthidium manicatum and elk.^{[citation needed]} Often in polygynous systems, females will provide the majority of parental care.^[6]

^ A Greek–English Lexicon, Liddell & Scott, s.v. γυνή
^ Clutton-Brock T.H. (1989). ‘Review lecture: mammalian mating systems.' Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 236: 339–372.
^ Boyd, R., & Silk, J. B. (2009). How Humans Evolved (preferably the downloadable pdf version): WW Norton & Company, New York.
^ de Bruyn, P.J.N.; Tosh, C.A.; Bester, M.N.; Cameron, E.Z.; McIntyre, T.; Wilkinson, I.S. (2011). "Sex at sea: alternative mating system in an extremely polygynous mammal" (PDF). Animal Behaviour. 82 (3): 445–451. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.06.006. hdl:2263/17388. S2CID 53200630.
^ Holekamp, Kay E., et al. "Society, demography and genetic structure in the spotted hyena." Molecular Ecology 21.3 (2012): 613-632.
^ Davies, N. B., Krebs, J. R., & West, S. A. (2012). An introduction to behavioural ecology. John Wiley & Sons.

[1] A Greek–English Lexicon, Liddell & Scott, s.v. γυνή

[review-2] Clutton-Brock T.H. (1989). ‘Review lecture: mammalian mating systems.' Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 236: 339–372.

[Boyd&Silk-3] Boyd, R., & Silk, J. B. (2009). How Humans Evolved (preferably the downloadable pdf version): WW Norton & Company, New York.

[de_Bruyn_et_al._2011-4] Bruyn, P.J.N.; Tosh, C.A.; Bester, M.N.; Cameron, E.Z.; McIntyre, T.; Wilkinson, I.S. (2011). "Sex at sea: alternative mating system in an extremely polygynous mammal" (PDF). Animal Behaviour. 82 (3): 445–451. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.06.006. hdl:2263/17388. S2CID 53200630.

[5] Holekamp, Kay E., et al. "Society, demography and genetic structure in the spotted hyena." Molecular Ecology 21.3 (2012): 613-632.

[Davies-6] Davies, N. B., Krebs, J. R., & West, S. A. (2012). An introduction to behavioural ecology. John Wiley & Sons.

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