Polyketide synthase

Polyketide synthases (PKSs) are a family of multi-domain enzymes or enzyme complexes that produce polyketides, a large class of secondary metabolites, in bacteria, fungi, plants, and a few animal lineages. The biosyntheses of polyketides share striking similarities with fatty acid biosynthesis.^[1]^[2]

The PKS genes for a certain polyketide are usually organized in one operon or in gene clusters. Type I and type II PKSs form either large modular protein complexes or dissociable molecular assemblies; type III PKSs exist as smaller homodimeric proteins.^[3]^[4]

^ Khosla, C.; Gokhale, R. S.; Jacobsen, J. R.; Cane, D. E. (1999). "Tolerance and Specificity of Polyketide Synthases". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 68: 219–253. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.68.1.219. PMID 10872449.
^ Jenke-Kodama, H.; Sandmann, A.; Müller, R.; Dittmann, E. (2005). "Evolutionary Implications of Bacterial Polyketide Synthases". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 22 (10): 2027–2039. doi:10.1093/molbev/msi193. PMID 15958783.
^ Weng, Jing-Ke; Noel, Joseph P. (2012). "Structure–Function Analyses of Plant Type III Polyketide Synthases". Natural Product Biosynthesis by Microorganisms and Plants, Part A. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 515. pp. 317–335. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-394290-6.00014-8. ISBN 978-0-12-394290-6. PMID 22999180.
^ Pfeifer, Blaine A.; Khosla, Chaitan (March 2001). "Biosynthesis of Polyketides in Heterologous Hosts". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 65 (1): 106–118. doi:10.1128/MMBR.65.1.106-118.2001. PMC 99020. PMID 11238987.

[1] Khosla, C.; Gokhale, R. S.; Jacobsen, J. R.; Cane, D. E. (1999). "Tolerance and Specificity of Polyketide Synthases". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 68: 219–253. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.68.1.219. PMID 10872449.

[2] Jenke-Kodama, H.; Sandmann, A.; Müller, R.; Dittmann, E. (2005). "Evolutionary Implications of Bacterial Polyketide Synthases". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 22 (10): 2027–2039. doi:10.1093/molbev/msi193. PMID 15958783.

[3] Weng, Jing-Ke; Noel, Joseph P. (2012). "Structure–Function Analyses of Plant Type III Polyketide Synthases". Natural Product Biosynthesis by Microorganisms and Plants, Part A. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 515. pp. 317–335. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-394290-6.00014-8. ISBN 978-0-12-394290-6. PMID 22999180.

[4] Pfeifer, Blaine A.; Khosla, Chaitan (March 2001). "Biosynthesis of Polyketides in Heterologous Hosts". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 65 (1): 106–118. doi:10.1128/MMBR.65.1.106-118.2001. PMC 99020. PMID 11238987.

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