Numismatics is the study or collection of currency, including coins, tokens, paper money, medals and related objects.
Specialists, known as numismatists, are often characterized as students or collectors of coins, but the discipline also includes the broader study of money and other means of payment used to resolve debts and exchange goods.
The earliest forms of money used by people are categorised by collectors as "odd and curious", but the use of other goods in barter exchange is excluded, even where used as a circulating currency (e.g., cigarettes or instant noodles in prison). As an example, the Kyrgyz people used horses as the principal currency unit, and gave small change in lambskins; the lambskins may be suitable for numismatic study, but the horses are not.[dubious – discuss] Many objects have been used for centuries, such as cowry shells, precious metals, cocoa beans, large stones, and gems. (Full article...)
The West Point Mint is a U.S. Mint production and depository facility erected in 1937 near the U.S. Military Academy in West Point, New York, United States. the mint holds 22% of the United States' gold reserves, or approximately 54,000,000 troy ounces (1,700,000 kg) (over $100 billion USD as of 2021). The mint at West Point is second only to the gold reserves held in secure storage at Fort Knox. Originally, the West Point Mint was called the West Point Bullion Depository. At one point it had the highest concentration of silver of any U.S. mint facility, and for 12 years produced circulating Lincoln cents. It has since minted mostly commemorative coins and stored gold.
It gained official status as a branch of the United States Mint on March 31, 1988. Later that year it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. (Full article...)The Mercury dime is a ten-cent coin struck by the United States Mint from late 1916 to 1945. Designed by Adolph Weinman and also referred to as the Winged Liberty Head dime, it gained its common name because the obverse depiction of a young Liberty, identifiable by her winged Phrygian cap, was confused with the Roman god Mercury. Weinman is believed to have used Elsie Stevens, the wife of lawyer and poet Wallace Stevens, as a model. The coin's reverse depicts a fasces, symbolizing unity and strength, and an olive branch, signifying peace.
By 1916, the dime, quarter, and half dollar designed by Mint Chief Engraver Charles E. Barber had been struck for 25 years, and could be replaced by the Treasury, of which the Mint is a part, without Congressional authorization. Mint officials were under the misapprehension that the designs had to be changed, and held a competition among three sculptors, in which Barber, who had been in his position for 36 years, also took part. Weinman's designs for the dime and half dollar were selected. (Full article...)Money - Coins - Banknotes - Electronic money - Exchange rate - Legal tender - Clubs - Terminology
Ancient currency: Asia - Byzantium - Greece - Primitive Money - Roman - Indian coinage
Modern currency: Africa - The Americas - Asia and the Pacific - Europe - Bullion coins - Challenge coin - Commemorative coins - Token coins
Economics: Banking - Bonds - Cheques - Credit Cards - Fiat currency - Gold standard - Mints - Monetary union - Reserve currency - Stocks
Production: Coining (machining) - Designers - Die making - Mint (coin) • Coinage Metals: Aluminum - Bronze - Copper - Gold - Platinum - Silver - Tin
Rank | Currency | ISO 4217 code |
Symbol or abbreviation |
Proportion of daily volume | Change (2019–2022) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
April 2019 | April 2022 | |||||
1 | U.S. dollar | USD | US$ | 88.3% | 88.5% | ![]() |
2 | Euro | EUR | € | 32.3% | 30.5% | ![]() |
3 | Japanese yen | JPY | ¥ / 円 | 16.8% | 16.7% | ![]() |
4 | Sterling | GBP | £ | 12.8% | 12.9% | ![]() |
5 | Renminbi | CNY | ¥ / 元 | 4.3% | 7.0% | ![]() |
6 | Australian dollar | AUD | A$ | 6.8% | 6.4% | ![]() |
7 | Canadian dollar | CAD | C$ | 5.0% | 6.2% | ![]() |
8 | Swiss franc | CHF | CHF | 4.9% | 5.2% | ![]() |
9 | Hong Kong dollar | HKD | HK$ | 3.5% | 2.6% | ![]() |
10 | Singapore dollar | SGD | S$ | 1.8% | 2.4% | ![]() |
11 | Swedish krona | SEK | kr | 2.0% | 2.2% | ![]() |
12 | South Korean won | KRW | ₩ / 원 | 2.0% | 1.9% | ![]() |
13 | Norwegian krone | NOK | kr | 1.8% | 1.7% | ![]() |
14 | New Zealand dollar | NZD | NZ$ | 2.1% | 1.7% | ![]() |
15 | Indian rupee | INR | ₹ | 1.7% | 1.6% | ![]() |
16 | Mexican peso | MXN | MX$ | 1.7% | 1.5% | ![]() |
17 | New Taiwan dollar | TWD | NT$ | 0.9% | 1.1% | ![]() |
18 | South African rand | ZAR | R | 1.1% | 1.0% | ![]() |
19 | Brazilian real | BRL | R$ | 1.1% | 0.9% | ![]() |
20 | Danish krone | DKK | kr | 0.6% | 0.7% | ![]() |
21 | Polish złoty | PLN | zł | 0.6% | 0.7% | ![]() |
22 | Thai baht | THB | ฿ | 0.5% | 0.4% | ![]() |
23 | Israeli new shekel | ILS | ₪ | 0.3% | 0.4% | ![]() |
24 | Indonesian rupiah | IDR | Rp | 0.4% | 0.4% | ![]() |
25 | Czech koruna | CZK | Kč | 0.4% | 0.4% | ![]() |
26 | UAE dirham | AED | د.إ | 0.2% | 0.4% | ![]() |
27 | Turkish lira | TRY | ₺ | 1.1% | 0.4% | ![]() |
28 | Hungarian forint | HUF | Ft | 0.4% | 0.3% | ![]() |
29 | Chilean peso | CLP | CLP$ | 0.3% | 0.3% | ![]() |
30 | Saudi riyal | SAR | ﷼ | 0.2% | 0.2% | ![]() |
31 | Philippine peso | PHP | ₱ | 0.3% | 0.2% | ![]() |
32 | Malaysian ringgit | MYR | RM | 0.2% | 0.2% | ![]() |
33 | Colombian peso | COP | COL$ | 0.2% | 0.2% | ![]() |
34 | Russian ruble | RUB | ₽ | 1.1% | 0.2% | ![]() |
35 | Romanian leu | RON | L | 0.1% | 0.1% | ![]() |
36 | Peruvian sol | PEN | S/ | 0.1% | 0.1% | ![]() |
37 | Bahraini dinar | BHD | .د.ب | 0.0% | 0.0% | ![]() |
38 | Bulgarian lev | BGN | BGN | 0.0% | 0.0% | ![]() |
39 | Argentine peso | ARS | ARG$ | 0.1% | 0.0% | ![]() |
… | Other | 1.8% | 2.3% | ![]() | ||
Total[a] | 200.0% | 200.0% |
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