Pratyabhijna

Samkhya	Kapila;
Yoga	Patanjali;
Vaisheshika	Kaṇāda, Prashastapada;
Secular	Valluvar;

Pratyabhijñā or Pratyabhigyā^[1] (Sanskrit: प्रत्यभिज्ञा, romanized: pratyabhijñā, lit. 're-cognition') is an idealistic, monistic, and theistic school of philosophy in Kashmir Shaivism which originated in the ninth century CE.^[2] The name of the system is derived from its most famous work, Īśvara-pratyabhijñā-kārikā by Utpaladeva.^[3] Etymologically, pratyabhijñā is formed from prati- ("re-") + abhi- ("closely") + *jñā ("to know"), so the meaning is "direct knowledge of one's self," "recognition."^[4]

The central thesis of this philosophy is that everything is absolute consciousness, termed Śiva, and it is possible to "re-cognise" this fundamental reality and be freed from limitations, identified with Śiva and immersed in bliss.^[5] Thus, the slave (paśu: the human condition) shakes off the fetters (pāśa) and becomes the master (pati: the divine condition).^[3]

^ Lalla 1924, p. 111.
^ Olson 2007, p. 237.
^ ^a ^b Kapoor, p. 254.
^ Singh 1982, p. 117.
^ The Yoga of Kashmir Shaivism – S.Shankarananda, p. 45

[FOOTNOTELalla1924111-1] Lalla 1924, p. 111.

[FOOTNOTEOlson2007237-2] Olson 2007, p. 237.

[FOOTNOTEKapoor254-3] Kapoor, p. 254.

[FOOTNOTESingh1982117-4] Singh 1982, p. 117.

[5] The Yoga of Kashmir Shaivism – S.Shankarananda, p. 45

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