Prednisolone

Prednisolone
Clinical data
Trade names	Orapred, PediaPred, Millipred, others
Other names	11,17-Dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a615042
License data	US DailyMed: Prednisolone;
Pregnancy; category	AU: A; ;
Routes of; administration	By mouth, intravenous, topical, eye drop
ATC code	A07EA01 (WHO) A01AC04 (WHO), C05AA04 (WHO), D07AA03 (WHO), D07XA02 (WHO), H02AB06 (WHO), R01AD02 (WHO), S01BA04 (WHO), S01CB02 (WHO), S02BA03 (WHO), S03BA02 (WHO), D07CA03 (WHO), S01CA02 (WHO), S02CA01 (WHO), S03CA02 (WHO), D07BA01 (WHO), S01BB02 (WHO), V03AB05 (WHO), A01AC54 (WHO), R01AD52 (WHO), QA01AC04 (WHO);
Legal status
Legal status	UK: POM (Prescription only); US: ℞-only; In general: ℞ (Prescription only);
Pharmacokinetic data
Elimination half-life	2–3.5 hours
Excretion	urine
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (11β)-11,17,21-Trihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione;
CAS Number	50-24-8 ;
PubChem CID	5755;
IUPHAR/BPS	2866;
DrugBank	DB00860 ;
ChemSpider	5552 ;
UNII	9PHQ9Y1OLM;
KEGG	D00472 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:8378 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL131 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID9021184 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.020
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C21H28O5
Molar mass	360.450 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES O=C\1\C=C/[C@]4(/C(=C/1)CC[C@@H]2[C@@H]4[C@@H](O)C[C@@]3([C@@](O)(C(=O)CO)CC[C@@H]23)C)C;
	InChI InChI=1S/C21H28O5/c1-19-7-5-13(23)9-12(19)3-4-14-15-6-8-21(26,17(25)11-22)20(15,2)10-16(24)18(14)19/h5,7,9,14-16,18,22,24,26H,3-4,6,8,10-11H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,16-,18+,19-,20-,21-/m0/s1 ; Key:OIGNJSKKLXVSLS-VWUMJDOOSA-N ;
	(verify)

Prednisolone is a corticosteroid, a steroid hormone used to treat certain types of allergies, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders, and cancers.^[5]^[6] Some of these conditions include adrenocortical insufficiency, high blood calcium, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatitis, eye inflammation, asthma, and multiple sclerosis.^[6] It can be taken by mouth, injected into a vein, used topically as a skin cream, or as eye drops.^[7]^[8]^[6] It differs from the similarly named prednisone in having a hydroxyl at the 11th carbon instead of a ketone.

Side effects with short-term use include nausea, inability to concentrate, insomnia, or feeling tired.^[5] More severe side effects include psychiatric problems, which may occur in about 5% of people.^[9] Common side effects with long term use include bone loss, weakness, yeast infections, and easy bruising.^[6] While short-term use in the later part of pregnancy is safe, long-term use or use in early pregnancy is occasionally associated with harm to the baby.^[1] It is a glucocorticoid made from hydrocortisone (cortisol).^[10]

Prednisolone was discovered and approved for medical use in 1955.^[10] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.^[11] It is available as a generic drug.^[6] In 2021, it was the 153rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3 million prescriptions.^[12]^[13]

^ ^a ^b "Prednisolone Use During Pregnancy". Drugs. 16 January 2000. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
^ Pickup ME (1979). "Clinical pharmacokinetics of prednisone and prednisolone". Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 4 (2): 111–28. doi:10.2165/00003088-197904020-00004. PMID 378499. S2CID 12218704.
^ Bergrem H, Grøttum P, Rugstad HE (1983). "Pharmacokinetics and protein binding of prednisolone after oral and intravenous administration". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 24 (3): 415–9. doi:10.1007/BF00610064. PMID 6861855. S2CID 33189235.
^ Bashar T, Apu MN, Mostaid MS, Islam MS, Hasnat A (2018). "Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability Study of a Prednisolone Tablet as a Single Oral Dose in Bangladeshi Healthy Volunteers". Dose-response. 16 (3). doi:10.1177/1559325818783932. PMC 6073839. PMID 30083083.
^ ^a ^b Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR, eds. (2009). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. pp. 53–54. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 978-924154765-9.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Prednisolone". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
^ Cite error: The named reference Orapred ODT label was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Omnipred label was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "Pevanti 10mg Tablets – Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) – (eMC)". Medicines. UK. 1 December 2014. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
^ ^a ^b Kim KW, Roh JK, Wee HJ, Kim C (2016). Cancer Drug Discovery: Science and History. Springer. p. 169. ISBN 978-940240844-7. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017.
^ Organization, World Health (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06.
^ "The Top 300 of 2021". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
^ "Prednisolone - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 14 January 2024.

[Drugs.com_pregnancy-1] "Prednisolone Use During Pregnancy". Drugs. 16 January 2000. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2020.

[pmid378499-2] Pickup ME (1979). "Clinical pharmacokinetics of prednisone and prednisolone". Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 4 (2): 111–28. doi:10.2165/00003088-197904020-00004. PMID 378499. S2CID 12218704.

[pmid6861855-3] Bergrem H, Grøttum P, Rugstad HE (1983). "Pharmacokinetics and protein binding of prednisolone after oral and intravenous administration". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 24 (3): 415–9. doi:10.1007/BF00610064. PMID 6861855. S2CID 33189235.

[pmid30083083-4] Bashar T, Apu MN, Mostaid MS, Islam MS, Hasnat A (2018). "Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability Study of a Prednisolone Tablet as a Single Oral Dose in Bangladeshi Healthy Volunteers". Dose-response. 16 (3). doi:10.1177/1559325818783932. PMC 6073839. PMID 30083083.

[WHO2008-5] Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR, eds. (2009). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. pp. 53–54. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 978-924154765-9.

[AHFS2016-6] "Prednisolone". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.

[Orapred_ODT_label-7] Cite error: The named reference Orapred ODT label was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Omnipred_label-8] Cite error: The named reference Omnipred label was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[ER2014-9] "Pevanti 10mg Tablets – Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) – (eMC)". Medicines. UK. 1 December 2014. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.

[Kim2016-10] Kim KW, Roh JK, Wee HJ, Kim C (2016). Cancer Drug Discovery: Science and History. Springer. p. 169. ISBN 978-940240844-7. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017.

[WHO21st-11] Organization, World Health (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06.

[12] "The Top 300 of 2021". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.

[13] "Prednisolone - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 14 January 2024.

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