Primary and secondary brain injury are ways to classify the injury processes that occur in brain injury. In traumatic brain injury (TBI), primary brain injury occurs during the initial insult, and results from displacement of the physical structures of the brain.[1] Secondary brain injury occurs gradually and may involve an array of cellular processes.[1][2] Secondary injury, which is not caused by mechanical damage, can result from the primary injury or be independent of it.[3] The fact that people sometimes deteriorate after brain injury was originally taken to mean that secondary injury was occurring.[3] It is not well understood how much of a contribution primary and secondary injuries respectively have to the clinical manifestations of TBI.[4]
Primary and secondary injuries occur in instances other than a TBI, such as spinal cord injury and stroke.
- ^ a b Scalea TM (2005). "Does it matter how head injured patients are resuscitated?". In Valadka AB, Andrews BT (eds.). Neurotrauma: Evidence-Based Answers To Common Questions. Thieme. pp. 3–4. ISBN 3-13-130781-1.
- ^ Ortega-Pérez, Stefany; Amaya-Rey, Maria (2018). "Secondary Brain Injury: A Concept Analysis". Journal of Neuroscience Nursing. 50 (4): 220–224. doi:10.1097/JNN.0000000000000384. PMID 29985274. S2CID 51602244.
- ^ a b Gennarelli GA, Graham DI (2005). "Neuropathology". In Silver JM, McAllister TW, Yudofsky SC (eds.). Textbook Of Traumatic Brain Injury. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. pp. 27–33. ISBN 1-58562-105-6. Retrieved 2008-06-10.
- ^ Granacher RP (2007). Traumatic Brain Injury: Methods for Clinical & Forensic Neuropsychiatric Assessment, Second Edition. Boca Raton: CRC. pp. 26–32. ISBN 978-0-8493-8138-6. Retrieved 2008-07-06.
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