Proclamation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Proclamation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Part of Unification of Saudi Arabia
Prince Faisal in 1942, who announced the unification in 1932 on Ibn Saud's behalf and would later himself become the king in 1964
Native name	إعلان توحيد المملكة العربية السعودية
Date	23 September 1932; 91 years ago (23 September 1932)
Venue	Al Hamidiyah Palace
Location	Mecca, Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd → Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Participants	Ibn Saud Faisal bin Abdulaziz Fuad Hamza Abdullah al-Fadl

The Declaration of the Unification of Saudi Arabia (Arabic: إعلان توحيد المملكة العربية السعودية, romanized: Īʿlān Taūḥīd Al-Mamlakah al-ʿArabīyah as-Suʿūdīyah) was officially announced by Prince Faisal bin Abdulaziz, the Viceroy of Hejaz on behalf of King Abdulaziz ibn Saud on September 23, 1932 (corresponding to 21 Jumada al-Ula 1351 Hijri), at 9:00 am from al-Hamidiyah Palace in Mecca. Faisal read out the Royal Decree No. 2716 issued by Abdulaziz ibn Saud on September 18, 1932,^[1][2][3] that renamed the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd and its annexes as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.^[4][5][6]

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History of Saudi Arabia
Ancient Arabia Early Islamic State Rashidun Caliphate Umayyad and Abbasid periods Sharifate of Mecca Ottoman rule Jabrids Bani Khalid Emirate Emirate of Diriyah Mu'ammarid Imamate Emirate of Nejd Emirate of Jabal Shammar Emirate of Riyadh Emirate of Nejd and Hasa Kingdom of Hejaz Idrisid Emirate of Asir Sheikdom of Upper Asir Sultanate of Nejd Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Unification Declaration of unification
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The declaration marked the establishment of the fifth and final iteration of the Third Saudi State as well as the formal culmination of Abdulaziz's nearly thirty-years of political and military campaign to unite the Arabian Peninsula under a single unitary traditionalist Islamic polity. 23 September is commemorated annually by the Saudi National Day (al-Yawm al-Waṭanī), a national holiday established in 2007 on the occasion of the 75th anniversary.^[7]

In 1934, nearly two years after the country's proclamation, Saudi Arabia and North Yemen went to war with each other over the territorial claims of al-Hudaydah, Jizan, Asir and Najran. The war ended with swift Saudi victory where Jizan, Asir and Najran came under Riyadh's jurisdiction and a Treaty of Taif was signed between Ibn Saud and Yahya Hamid ed-Din that guaranteed 20 years of peace between the two neighboring states. The war was the last battle for the unification of Saudi Arabia and the borders of the country remained mostly unchanged up until the Buraimi crisis.