Programmed cell death protein 1

PDCD1
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2M2D, 3RRQ, 4ZQK
Identifiers
Aliases	PDCD1, CD279, PD-1, PD1, SLEB2, hPD-1, hPD-l, hSLE1, Programmed cell death 1
External IDs	OMIM: 600244; MGI: 104879; HomoloGene: 3681; GeneCards: PDCD1; OMA:PDCD1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 2 (human)
End	241,858,894 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (mouse)
End	93,980,278 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	lymph node; ; granulocyte; ; spleen; ; right auricle; ; appendix; ; blood; ; left ventricle; ; mucosa of transverse colon; ; upper lobe of left lung; ; tonsil;
	Top expressed in
	embryo; ; thymus; ; embryo; ; mesenteric lymph nodes; ; zygote; ; cumulus cell; ; primary oocyte; ; spleen; ; blood; ; ovary;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein binding; signal transducer activity;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane; plasma membrane; membrane; external side of plasma membrane;
Biological process	positive regulation of apoptotic process; multicellular organism development; T cell costimulation; negative regulation of apoptotic process; positive regulation of T cell apoptotic process; humoral immune response; negative regulation of tolerance induction; immune system process; apoptotic process; signal transduction;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	5133
	18566
	ENSG00000188389; ENSG00000276977
	ENSMUSG00000026285
	Q15116
	Q02242
	NM_005018
	NM_008798
	NP_005009
	NP_032824
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), (CD279 cluster of differentiation 279). PD-1 is a protein encoded in humans by the PDCD1 gene.^[5]^[6] PD-1 is a cell surface receptor on T cells and B cells that has a role in regulating the immune system's response to the cells of the human body by down-regulating the immune system and promoting self-tolerance by suppressing T cell inflammatory activity. This prevents autoimmune diseases, but it can also prevent the immune system from killing cancer cells.^[7]

PD-1 is an immune checkpoint and guards against autoimmunity through two mechanisms. First, it promotes apoptosis (programmed cell death) of antigen-specific T-cells in lymph nodes. Second, it reduces apoptosis in regulatory T cells (anti-inflammatory, suppressive T cells).^[8]^[9]

PD-1 inhibitors, a new class of drugs that block PD-1, activate the immune system to attack tumors and are used to treat certain types of cancer.^[7]^[10]

PD-1 is a cell surface receptor that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is expressed on T cells and pro-B cells.^[6] PD-1 binds two ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2.

^ ^a ^b ^c ENSG00000276977 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000188389, ENSG00000276977 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026285 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Shinohara T, Taniwaki M, Ishida Y, Kawaichi M, Honjo T (October 1994). "Structure and chromosomal localization of the human PD-1 gene (PDCD1)". Genomics. 23 (3): 704–6. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1562. PMID 7851902.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: PDCD1 programmed cell death 1".
^ ^a ^b Syn NL, Teng MW, Mok TS, Soo RA (December 2017). "De-novo and acquired resistance to immune checkpoint targeting". The Lancet. Oncology. 18 (12): e731–e741. doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30607-1. PMID 29208439.
^ Francisco LM, Sage PT, Sharpe AH (July 2010). "The PD-1 pathway in tolerance and autoimmunity". Immunological Reviews. 236: 219–42. doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2010.00923.x. PMC 2919275. PMID 20636820.
^ Fife BT, Pauken KE (January 2011). "The role of the PD-1 pathway in autoimmunity and peripheral tolerance". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1217 (1): 45–59. Bibcode:2011NYASA1217...45F. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05919.x. PMID 21276005. S2CID 23843848.
^ Loftus P (16 Nov 2014). "New Bristol-Myers Drug Helped Skin-Cancer Patients in Trial Live Longer". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 24 Nov 2014.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] ENSG00000276977 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000188389, ENSG00000276977 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026285 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid7851902-5] Shinohara T, Taniwaki M, Ishida Y, Kawaichi M, Honjo T (October 1994). "Structure and chromosomal localization of the human PD-1 gene (PDCD1)". Genomics. 23 (3): 704–6. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1562. PMID 7851902.

[entrez-6] "Entrez Gene: PDCD1 programmed cell death 1".

[:1-7] Syn NL, Teng MW, Mok TS, Soo RA (December 2017). "De-novo and acquired resistance to immune checkpoint targeting". The Lancet. Oncology. 18 (12): e731–e741. doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30607-1. PMID 29208439.

[pmid20636820-8] Francisco LM, Sage PT, Sharpe AH (July 2010). "The PD-1 pathway in tolerance and autoimmunity". Immunological Reviews. 236: 219–42. doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2010.00923.x. PMC 2919275. PMID 20636820.

[pmid21276005-9] Fife BT, Pauken KE (January 2011). "The role of the PD-1 pathway in autoimmunity and peripheral tolerance". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1217 (1): 45–59. Bibcode:2011NYASA1217...45F. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05919.x. PMID 21276005. S2CID 23843848.

[bms-10] Loftus P (16 Nov 2014). "New Bristol-Myers Drug Helped Skin-Cancer Patients in Trial Live Longer". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 24 Nov 2014.

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