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Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca

Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir
Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir forest in Pike National Forest, Colorado (United States)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Gymnospermae
Division: Pinophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Order: Pinales
Family: Pinaceae
Genus: Pseudotsuga
Species:
P. menziesii
Variety:
P. m. var. glauca
Trinomial name
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca
(Mayr) Franco
Synonyms[1]
  • Pseudotsuga menziesii var. caesia (Schwer.) Franco
  • Pseudotsuga taxifolia var. caesia (Schwer.) Asch. & Graebn.
  • Pseudotsuga taxifolia var. glauca (Beissn.) Sudw.

Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca, or Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir, is an evergreen conifer native to the interior mountainous regions of western North America, from central British Columbia and southwest Alberta in Canada southward through the United States to the far north of Mexico.[2] The range is continuous in the northern Rocky Mountains south to eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, Idaho, western and south-central Montana and western Wyoming, but becomes discontinuous further south, confined to "sky islands" on the higher mountains in Utah, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico, with only very isolated small populations in eastern Nevada, westernmost Texas, and northern Mexico. It occurs from 600 m altitude in the north of the range, up to 3,000 m, rarely 3,200 m, in the south. Further west towards the Pacific coast, it is replaced by the related coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii), and to the south, it is replaced by Mexican Douglas-fir in high mountains as far south as Oaxaca. Some botanists have grouped Mexican Douglas-fir with P. menziesii var. glauca,[3] but genetic[4] and morphological[5] evidence suggest that Mexican populations should be considered a different variety (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. lindleyana).[6]

Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir is most commonly treated as a variety (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca),[3][7] but has also been called a subspecies (Pseudotsuga menziesii subsp. glauca)[8] or more rarely (mainly in the past) a distinct species (Pseudotsuga glauca).[9] The strong ecological and genetic differentiation with intergradation limited primarily to postglacial contact zones in British Columbia[10][11] supports infraspecific groupings. Some botanists have further split Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir into two varieties,[12] but these are not widely acknowledged and have only limited support from genetic testing.[8][10][11]

  1. ^ "Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture.
  2. ^ C. Michael Hogan (2008). Douglas-fir: "Pseudotsuga menzesii", GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg "Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii ) - - GlobalTwitcher.com". Archived from the original on 2009-06-04. Retrieved 2009-06-04.
  3. ^ a b Little, E. L. (1952). "The genus Pseudotsuga (Douglas-fir) in North America". Leaflets of Western Botany. 6: 181–198.
  4. ^ Gugger, Paul F.; González-Rodríguez, Antonio; Rodríguez-Correa, Hernando; Sugita, Shinya; Cavender-Bares, Jeannine (2011). "Southward Pleistocene migration of Douglas-fir into Mexico: phylogeography, ecological niche modeling, and conservation of 'rear edge' populations". New Phytologist. 189 (4): 1185–1199. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03559.x. PMID 21118265.
  5. ^ Reyes-Hernández, VJ; Vargas-Hernández JJ; López-Upton J; Vaquera-Huerta H (2006). "Phenotypic similarity among Mexican populations of Pseudotsuga Carr" (PDF). Agrociencia. 40 (4): 545–556.
  6. ^ Earle, C.J. "The Gymnosperm Database: Pseudotsuga lindleyana". Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
  7. ^ "Flora of North America". Retrieved 12 January 2012.
  8. ^ a b Grimshaw, J., & Bayton, R. (2009). New Trees. International Dendrology Society / Kew. ISBN 978-1-84246-173-0.
  9. ^ Mayr, H. (1906). Fremdländische Wald- und Parkbäume für Europa p.404. Berlin.
  10. ^ a b Li, P.; Adams, W.T. (1989). "Rangewide patterns of allozyme variation in Douglas-fir". Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 19 (2): 149–161. doi:10.1139/x89-022.
  11. ^ a b Gugger, Paul F.; Sugita, Shinya; Cavender-Bares, Jeannine (2010). "Phylogeography of Douglas-fir based on mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA sequences: testing hypotheses from the fossil record". Molecular Ecology. 19 (9): 1877–1897. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04622.x. PMID 20374486. S2CID 23254018.
  12. ^ Dallimore, W., & Jackson, A. B. (1966). A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae, 4th ed. Arnold, London.

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