Psocodea

Psocodea; Temporal range: Late Jurassic – Recent
	An unidentified bark louse in the family Stenopsocidae
	Human body louse
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
(unranked):	Paraneoptera
Order:	Psocodea; Hennig, 1966
Suborders
	Psocomorpha; Troctomorpha Phthiraptera (lice); ; Trogiomorpha;

Psocodea is a taxonomic group of insects comprising the bark lice, book lice and parasitic lice.^[2] It was formerly considered a superorder, but is now generally considered by entomologists as an order.^[1]^[3]^[4] Despite the greatly differing appearance of parasitic lice (Phthiraptera), they are believed to have evolved from within the former order Psocoptera, which contained the bark lice and book lice, now found to be paraphyletic.^[5]^[6] They are often regarded as the most primitive of the hemipteroids.^[7] Psocodea contains around 11,000 species, divided among four suborders and more than 70 families.^[1]^[2]^[8] They range in size from 1–10 millimetres (0.04–0.4 in) in length.

The species known as booklice received their common name because they are commonly found amongst old books—they feed upon the paste used in binding. The barklice are found on trees, feeding on algae and lichen.

^ ^a ^b ^c Cite error: The named reference Johnson2021 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b P. J. Gullan & P. S. Cranston (2010). "Taxobox 17 – Psocodea: "Psocoptera" (bark lice and book lice)". The Insects: an Outline of Entomology (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 479. ISBN 9781444317671.
^ Cite error: The named reference DeMoya2021 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference gbif was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ C. H. C. Lyal (1985). "Phylogeny and classification of the Psocodea, with particular reference to the lice (Psocodea: Phthiraptera)". Systematic Entomology. 10 (2): 145–165. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1985.tb00525.x. S2CID 86331606.
^ Kevin P. Johnson; Christopher H. Dietrich; Frank Friedrich; Rolf G. Beutel; Benjamin Wipfler; Ralph S. Peters; Julie M. Allen; Malte Petersen; Alexander Donath; Kimberly K. O. Walden; Alexey M. Kozlov; Lars Podsiadlowski; Christoph Mayer; Karen Meusemann; Alexandros Vasilikopoulos; Robert M. Waterhouse; Stephen L. Cameron; Christiane Weirauch; Daniel R. Swanson; Diana M. Percy; Nate B. Hardy; Irene Terry; Shanlin Liu; Xin Zhou; Bernhard Misof; Hugh M. Robertson; Kazunori Yoshizawa (Dec 2018). "Phylogenomics and the evolution of hemipteroid insects". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (50): 12775–12780. Bibcode:2018PNAS..11512775J. doi:10.1073/pnas.1815820115. PMC 6294958. PMID 30478043.
^ Christopher O'Toole (2002). Firefly Encyclopedia of Insects and Spiders. Toronto: Firefly Books. ISBN 978-1-55297-612-8.
^ David Grimaldi & Michael S. Engel (2005). "The paraneopteran orders". Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge Evolution Series. Cambridge University Press. pp. 216–330. ISBN 9780521821490.

[Johnson2021-1] Cite error: The named reference Johnson2021 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Gullan-2] P. J. Gullan & P. S. Cranston (2010). "Taxobox 17 – Psocodea: "Psocoptera" (bark lice and book lice)". The Insects: an Outline of Entomology (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 479. ISBN 9781444317671.

[DeMoya2021-3] Cite error: The named reference DeMoya2021 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[gbif-4] Cite error: The named reference gbif was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Lyal-5] C. H. C. Lyal (1985). "Phylogeny and classification of the Psocodea, with particular reference to the lice (Psocodea: Phthiraptera)". Systematic Entomology. 10 (2): 145–165. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1985.tb00525.x. S2CID 86331606.

[Johnson-6] Kevin P. Johnson; Christopher H. Dietrich; Frank Friedrich; Rolf G. Beutel; Benjamin Wipfler; Ralph S. Peters; Julie M. Allen; Malte Petersen; Alexander Donath; Kimberly K. O. Walden; Alexey M. Kozlov; Lars Podsiadlowski; Christoph Mayer; Karen Meusemann; Alexandros Vasilikopoulos; Robert M. Waterhouse; Stephen L. Cameron; Christiane Weirauch; Daniel R. Swanson; Diana M. Percy; Nate B. Hardy; Irene Terry; Shanlin Liu; Xin Zhou; Bernhard Misof; Hugh M. Robertson; Kazunori Yoshizawa (Dec 2018). "Phylogenomics and the evolution of hemipteroid insects". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (50): 12775–12780. Bibcode:2018PNAS..11512775J. doi:10.1073/pnas.1815820115. PMC 6294958. PMID 30478043.

[7] Christopher O'Toole (2002). Firefly Encyclopedia of Insects and Spiders. Toronto: Firefly Books. ISBN 978-1-55297-612-8.

[8] David Grimaldi & Michael S. Engel (2005). "The paraneopteran orders". Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge Evolution Series. Cambridge University Press. pp. 216–330. ISBN 9780521821490.

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