Qian Liu

Qian Liu
Qian Liu
Traditional Chinese	錢鏐
Simplified Chinese	钱镠
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Qián Liú
Wu
Romanization	Zie Leu
Shanghainese; Romanization	Zii Leu
Qian Poliu
Traditional Chinese	錢婆留
Simplified Chinese	钱婆留
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Qián Póliú
Qian Jumei
Traditional Chinese	錢具美
Simplified Chinese	钱具美
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Qián Jùměi

Era dates
	Tiānyòu (天祐): 907; Tiānbǎo (天寶): 908–912; Fènglì (鳳曆): 913; Qiánhuà (乾化): 913–915; Zhēnmíng (貞明): 915–921; Lóngdé (龍德): 921–923; Bǎodà (寶大): 924–925; Bǎozhèng (寶正): 926–931
Posthumous name
	King Wǔsù (武肅王, "martial and solemn")
Temple name
	Taìzǔ (太祖; "Grand Progenitor")

King Taizu of Wuyue
吳越太祖
King Taizu of Wuyue; 吳越太祖
Ruler of Wuyue (more...)
King of Wuyue
Reign	907 – May 6, 932
Successor	Qian Yuanguan, son
Jiedushi of Zhendong Circuit; (鎮東軍節度使)
Tenure	907–928
Predecessor	Wang Tuan
Successor	Qian Yuanguan
Jiedushi of Zhenhai Circuit; (鎮海軍節度使)
Tenure	893–928
Predecessor	Li Chan
Successor	Qian Yuanguan
Born	Qian Poliu; March 10, 852; Lin'an, Hang Prefecture, Tang dynasty
Died	May 6, 932 (aged 80); Wuyue
Burial	Tomb of Qian Liu (in modern Lin'an District, Hangzhou)
Wife	Lady Wu
Concubines	See § Family
Issue	See § Family
Era dates
Era dates
	Tiānyòu (天祐): 907; Tiānbǎo (天寶): 908–912; Fènglì (鳳曆): 913; Qiánhuà (乾化): 913–915; Zhēnmíng (貞明): 915–921; Lóngdé (龍德): 921–923; Bǎodà (寶大): 924–925; Bǎozhèng (寶正): 926–931
Posthumous name
	King Wǔsù (武肅王, "martial and solemn")
Temple name
	Taìzǔ (太祖; "Grand Progenitor")
House	Qian
Dynasty	Wuyue
Father	Qian Kuan
Mother	Lady Shuiqiu

Qian Liu (10 March 852^[2]^[3] – 6 May 932),^[2]^[4] courtesy name Jumei, childhood name Poliu, also known by his temple name as the King Taizu of Wuyue (吳越太祖), was the founding king of Wuyue during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China.^[7] He was originally a warlord of the late Tang dynasty.

^ When Qian Liu's "reign" began depends on one's perspective. The traditional view uses 907 because that was the end of the Tang dynasty, when the empire was considered to have splintered into many parts, with Qian's Wuyue state being one and because Zhu Wen (Emperor Taizu of Later Liang) created him the Prince of Wuyue that year. Other potential dates are 902 (when Qian was created the Prince of Yue (越王)), 908 (when Qian began to use his era name of Tianbao rather than Emperor Taizu's Kaiping era name), or 923 (when Emperor Taizu's successor Zhu Youzhen created Qian the Guowang of Wuyue (吳越國王) and exempted him from referring to himself as the Jiedushi of the two circuits under his control).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Academia Sinica Chinese-Western Calendar Converter.
^ ^a ^b Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms (十國春秋), vol. 77.
^ ^a ^b Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 277.
^ Adopted the era name of Tang. 907 was the 4th year of Tiānyòu.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Adopted the era name of Later Liang.
^ Qian Liu's title was Wang (王) in Chinese, which could be translated as either "Prince" or "King" in English. The translation of "Prince" will be used here initially when he was created the Wang of Pengcheng, then of Nankang, then of Yue, then of Wu, by the Tang dynasty; then also when he was created the Wang of Wuyue by Later Liang. The translation of "King" will be used after he was created the Guowang (literally, "State King/Prince") of Wuyue by the Later Liang emperor Zhu Youzhen, a title that carried for the rest of his life as a vassal of Later Liang and its successor Later Tang.

[1] When Qian Liu's "reign" began depends on one's perspective. The traditional view uses 907 because that was the end of the Tang dynasty, when the empire was considered to have splintered into many parts, with Qian's Wuyue state being one and because Zhu Wen (Emperor Taizu of Later Liang) created him the Prince of Wuyue that year. Other potential dates are 902 (when Qian was created the Prince of Yue (越王)), 908 (when Qian began to use his era name of Tianbao rather than Emperor Taizu's Kaiping era name), or 923 (when Emperor Taizu's successor Zhu Youzhen created Qian the Guowang of Wuyue (吳越國王) and exempted him from referring to himself as the Jiedushi of the two circuits under his control).

[AS-2] Academia Sinica Chinese-Western Calendar Converter.

[SGCQ77-3] Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms (十國春秋), vol. 77.

[ZZTJ277-4] Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 277.

[5] Adopted the era name of Tang. 907 was the 4th year of Tiānyòu.

[eranameliang-6] Adopted the era name of Later Liang.

[king-7] Qian Liu's title was Wang (王) in Chinese, which could be translated as either "Prince" or "King" in English. The translation of "Prince" will be used here initially when he was created the Wang of Pengcheng, then of Nankang, then of Yue, then of Wu, by the Tang dynasty; then also when he was created the Wang of Wuyue by Later Liang. The translation of "King" will be used after he was created the Guowang (literally, "State King/Prince") of Wuyue by the Later Liang emperor Zhu Youzhen, a title that carried for the rest of his life as a vassal of Later Liang and its successor Later Tang.

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