Qianlong Tongbao

Qianlong Tongbao
(乾隆通寶)

Qing dynasty (China)
Value	1 wén, 10 wén
Composition	Copper-alloy (brass) in China Proper and Northern Xinjiang. 98% copper in Southern Xinjiang.
Years of minting	1735–1796 (1912)[a]
Obverse
Design	Qianlong Tongbao (乾隆通寳)
Reverse
Design	See below.

Qianlong Tongbao (traditional Chinese: 乾隆通寶; simplified Chinese: 乾隆通宝; pinyin: qián lóng tōng bǎo; Vietnamese: Càn Long Thông Bảo) is an inscription used on cash coins produced under the reign of the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty. Initially the Qianlong Tongbao cash coins were equal to its predecessors in their weight and quality but as expensive military expenditures such as the Ten Great Campaigns began to take their financial toll on the government of the Qing dynasty the quality of these cash coins started to steadily decrease. The weight of the Qianlong Tongbao was changed several times and tin was added to their alloy to both reduce costs and to prevent people from melting down the coins to make utensils. As the intrinsic value of these coins was higher than their nominal value many provincial mints started reporting annual losses and were forced to close down, meanwhile the copper content of the coinage continued to be lowered while the copper mines of China were depleting. The Qianlong era also saw the conquest of Xinjiang and the introduction of cash coins to this new region of the Qing Empire.

As a reminder to the people of Xinjiang that the Manchus conquered the region one in five cash coins produced in that region after the death of the Qianlong Emperor was ordered to bear the inscription "Qianlong Tongbao" (the Qianlong Emperor Money), as a consequence cash coins with this inscription continued to be produced until the end of the dynasty.
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