Quota rule

Part of the Politics and Economics series
Electoral systems
Comparison of electoral systems Social choice theory Mechanism design List (By country)
Single-winner methods Single vote-runoff methods Plurality (FPP) Two-round (US: Jungle primary) Related: Partisan primary Instant runoff (IRV) / Alternative vote (US: Ranked-choice/RCV) Condorcet methods Condorcet-IRV Minimax Kemeny–Young Nanson Schulze Ranked pairs Maximal lottery Positional voting Plurality (el. IRV) Borda count (el. Baldwin) Antiplurality (el. Coombs) Cardinal voting Score voting Approval voting Majority judgment STAR voting Quadratic voting
Proportional representation Party-list Nonpartisan proportional representation List type Closed list Open list Panachage Localized list Apportionment Highest averages Largest remainders National remnant Biproportional Quota-remainder methods Hare STV Schulze STV CPO-STV Quota Borda Cumulative Approval-based committees Thiele's method Phragmen's method Expanding approvals rule Method of equal shares Fractional social choice Direct representation Interactive representation Liquid democracy Fractional approval voting Maximal lottery
Mixed systems By results of combination Mixed-member majoritarian Mixed-member proportional By mechanism of combination Non-compensatory Parallel voting (superposition) Coexistence Conditional Majority bonus (fusion) Compensatory Additional member (seat linkage) system (MMP, AV+) Vote linkage system (Scorporo, MBTV) Dual-member proportional Rural–urban proportional Majority jackpot Supermixed systems By ballot type Single vote Two vote Mixed ballot
Voting system criteria Spoiler-resistance Condorcet criterion Smith independence Spoiler independence Clone independence Strategy-resistance Lesser evil voting Binary independence Maskin monotonicity Later-no-harm Later-no-help Rational response Participation criterion Positive response Reinforcement criterion Reversal symmetry
Social and collective choice Impossibility theorems Arrow's theorem Majority impossibility Moulin's impossibility theorem McKelvey–Schofield chaos theorem Gibbard's theorem Fishburn's example Positive results Median voter theorem Condorcet's jury theorem May's theorem Campbell-Kelly theorem Harsanyi's utilitarian theorem Tournament sets Smith set Landau set Copeland set Split-cycle set Bipartisan set
Politics portal Economics portal
v t e

In mathematics and political science, the quota rule describes a desired property of proportional apportionment methods. It says that the number of seats allocated to a party should be equal to their entitlement plus or minus one.^{[1][2][note 1]} The ideal number of seats for a party, called their seat entitlement, is calculated by multiplying each party's share of the vote by the total number of seats. Equivalently, it is equal to the number of votes divided by the Hare quota. For example, if a party receives 10.56% of the vote, and there are 100 seats in a parliament, the quota rule says that when all seats are allotted, the party may get either 10 or 11 seats. The most common apportionment methods (the highest averages methods) violate the quota rule in situations where upholding it would cause a population paradox, although unbiased apportionment rules like Webster's method do so only rarely.

Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the help page).