Back اسم تاجي حشوي Arabic Síndrome de l'acrònim redundant Catalan Síndrome de SAR Spanish Akronimo errepikatu Basque Acronyme redondant French Sindrom SAR ID Acronimo ridondante Italian RAS症候群 Japanese Ras-syndroom Dutch Tautologisk sammensetning NB

RAS syndrome

"ATM machine" is a common example of RAS syndrome

RAS syndrome, where RAS stands for redundant acronym syndrome (making the phrase "RAS syndrome" autological, that is, self-demonstrating) is the redundant use of one or more of the words that make up an acronym in conjunction with the abbreviated form. This means, in effect, repeating one or more words from the acronym. For example: PIN number (expanding to personal identification number number) and ATM machine (expanding to automated teller machine machine).

The term RAS syndrome was coined in 2001 in a light-hearted column in New Scientist.[1][2][3]

A person is said to "suffer" from RAS syndrome when they redundantly use one or more of the words that make up an acronym or initialism with the abbreviation itself. Usage commentators consider such redundant acronyms poor style that is best avoided in writing, especially in a formal context, though they are common in speech.[4] The degree to which there is a need to avoid pleonasms such as redundant acronyms depends on one's balance point of prescriptivism (ideas about how language should be used) versus descriptivism (the realities of how natural language is used).[5] For writing intended to persuade, impress, or avoid criticism, many usage guides advise writers to avoid pleonasm as much as possible, not because such usage is always wrong, but rather because most of one's audience may believe that it is always wrong.[6]

  1. ^ Clothier, Gary (November 8, 2006). "Ask Mr. Know-It-All". The York Dispatch.
  2. ^ Newman, Stanley (December 20, 2008). "Sushi by any other name". Windsor Star. p. G4. Archived from the original on May 3, 2012.
  3. ^ "Feedback" (fee required). New Scientist. No. 2285. April 7, 2001. p. 108. Archived from the original on June 21, 2015. Retrieved December 8, 2006.
  4. ^ Garner, Bryan A. (2000) The Oxford Dictionary of American Usage and Style. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
  5. ^ Milroy, James; Milroy, Lesley (1999). Authority in Language: Investigating Standard English. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-17412-1.
  6. ^ Kasperavičienė, Ramunė (December 12, 2011). "On Semantic Pleonasms in English and their Translation in Lithuanian". Studies About Languages. 0 (19): 21–26. doi:10.5755/j01.sal.0.19.942. ISSN 2029-7203.

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